Antiepileptic Mechanisms
This is the primary ion channel blocked by phenytoin and carbamazepine
What is sodium channel blockade
These AEDs reduce oral contraceptive effectiveness
What are enzyme-inducing antiepileptics (phenytoin, carbamazepine, etc.)
Primary treatment goal in Parkinson disease
What is increasing dopamine in basal ganglia
Antidepressants mainly increase this neurotransmitter
What is serotonin
β2 agonists cause bronchodilation via increasing this second messenger
What is cAMP
This drug blocks T-type calcium channels
What is ethosuximide
Hypoalbuminemia increases toxicity risk for this drug
What is phenytoin
What to do perioperatively with levodopa
What is continue levodopa
Withdrawal occurs most with SRIs that have this property
What is short half-life
Parasympathetic stimulation causes this airway effect
What is bronchoconstriction
Benzodiazepines increase this aspect of GABA channel activity
What is frequency of chloride channel opening
Preferred epilepsy management during pregnancy
What is monotherapy at lowest effective dose
Abrupt levodopa withdrawal causes this syndrome
What is neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome (or Parkinson-hyperpyrexia syndrome)
Classic triad of serotonin syndrome includes neuromuscular, autonomic, and this change
What is mental status change
Long-acting β2 agonists should be combined with this drug class
What are inhaled corticosteroids
This AED requires routine plasma monitoring due to nonlinear kinetics
What is phenytoin
Treatment option for status epilepticus without IV access
What is rectal diazepam
Dopamine antagonists to avoid in Parkinson patients
What are droperidol and metoclopramide
Antidepressant effect from TCAs due to blocking reuptake of these two transmitters
What are serotonin and norepinephrine
Anticholinergics block these receptors in airway
What are muscarinic (M1/M3) receptors
This drug irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase
What is vigabatrin
Dosing interval should be based on THIS PK parameter
What is half-life
Baclofen acts primarily at this CNS location
What is dorsal horn of spinal cord
Hypotension on MAOI anesthesia → this vasopressor dose is recommended
1/3 normal dose
Main inhibitory non-noradrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmitter relaxing airway smooth muscle
What is nitric oxide