energy
The equation for Gibbs free energy is...
delta G = delta H - T x delta S
(gibbs free energy = enthalpy change - temperature x entropy change)
catabolism + anabolism =
metabolism
Photosynthesis involves two steps. What are they?
light reactions and Calvin cycle
As ATP is created, protons are moving into the ____ through ATP synthase.
matrix
True/False: A longer wavelength corresponds to lower energy.
True
If delta G is positive, it is a ___________ process. If delta G is negative, it is a ________ process.
nonspontaneous, spontaneous
Dehydration synthesis is bond ______, while hydrolysis is bond _______.
formation, breaking
Which of the following is not an electron carrier in the light reactions?
- PQ
- PC
- FD
- NADPH
- PS I
PS I
An electron's potential energy is highest when they are associated with...
a. complex I
b. complex III
c. complex IV
d. oxygen
complex I
What is phosphorylation?
The addition of phosphate groups
The energy stored in bonds is _______ energy.
potential
Polymers being broken into monomers is ______.
Monomers combining to create polymers is _________.
hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis
Which way does ATP synthase pump H+ ions?
lumen to stroma
During cellular respiration, glucose is converted into what three things?
energy, CO2, and H2O
Phosphate groups are connected by what type of bond? (be specific; hint: something like "covalent" would not be the most specific answer)
phosphoanhydride bonds
A lid is placed on a bot of boiling water. Is this an open or closed system?
Closed
Oxidation is the ____ of electrons and reduction is the _____ of electrons.
loss, gain
In terms of pH, the stroma is considered _______ and the lumen is considered __________.
alkaline/basic, acidic
List two alternative metabolic pathways.
proteins, carbohydrates, fats + oils
One NADH molecule helps create _____ ATP, while one FADH2 molecules helps create _______ ATP.
three, two
ADP forms ATP through the process of __________, while ATP becomes ADP through the process of ____________.
dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis
What is a coupled reaction?
Two reactions that are linked together. Energy from an exergonic reaction is used to power an endergonic reaction.
If you wanted to synthesize more ATP than NADPH, how would you alter the flow of electrons?
change to cyclic flow
What is the role of oxygen in the ETC?
Final electron acceptor. Keeps the ETC running by removing electrons from complex IV.
DAILY DOUBLE
Cyanide binds to complex IV and prevents the transfer of electrons to oxygen. Which of the following is most similar to cyanide poisoning?
a. blocking ATP synthase
b. starvation (lack of glucose)
c. oxygen deprivation
d. none of the above
oxygen deprivation