Mitosis
The type of cell formed (chromosome number and type)
What is a diploid somatic cell?
The type of cell formed (chromosome number and type)
What is a haploid gamete?
DNA is synthesized in the
5' > 3' direction
Chargaff's Rule
A=T
C=G
This phase in the cell cycle is used to replicate DNA
What is the S phase?
What is asexual reproduction?
These two terms refer to pairs of chromosomal bodies linked together
What are tetrads or bivalents?
This enzyme unzips DNA
What is helicase?
What was Rosalind Franklin's contribution?
Used x-ray diffraction to image DNA
Determined that there was a sugar-phosphate backbone
In this phase, the cell checks for DNA damage and deficits in organelles
What is the G2 phase?
The stage in which chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell
What is metaphase?
In this phase, homologous chromosomes (tetrads/bivalents) become attached to spindle fibers. The nuclear envelope has completely dissolved.
What is prometaphase I?
What are Okazaki fragments?
What was Watson and Crick's contribution?
They created a molecular structure for DNA
Determined how bases paired together specifically
Two mechanisms for increasing genetic diversity
What are crossing over and independent assortment?
This organelle sends out spindle fibers and divides during G1
What is the centrosome?
A 8n cell would have how many chromosomes in its daughter cells?
4n
For the leading strand, the complementary strand is built ________ the fork & replication is _________. For the lagging strand, the complementary strand is built __________ the fork & replication is _________.
Leading Strand = Built TOWARDS the Fork & Replication is CONTINUOUS
Lagging Strand = Built AWAY FROM the fork & Replication is DISCONTINUOUS
What happened in Frederick Griffith's experiment (S/R strains injected in rats)?
The S strain was virulent and killed mice, while the R strain didn't. The S strain was killed by heat and injected with live R strain, killing the mouse.
Showed there was a genetic material independent of the life of the cell.
The cleavage furrow is formed by this structure, made of a type of this filament
What is the contractile ring made of microfilaments?
The ____________ connects the chromatids while the ______________ are handles for the spindle fibers
Centromere, kinetochores
The difference between aneuploidy and nondisjunction
A state of a cell v. the process of missorting
Ligase will (be extremely detailed/specific!)
create phosphodiester bonds between DNA strands synthesized by DNA polymerase and DNA that replaced RNA primers
What happened in Hershey and Chase's experiment (radioactive labelling)?
Mention the two organisms used!
They determined that DNA (not protein) was the genetic material using bacteria and bacteriophages
G0
The stage in which cells are not actively dividing/part of the cell cycle