Hydrochlorothiazide
This drug category, which includes Hydrochlorothiazide, inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules to increase excretion of sodium and water.
Thiazide diuretics
This category of diuretics represented by Furosemide, inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle.
Loop diuretics
This category includes Spironolactone, which competes for receptor sites in the distal renal tubules.
Potassium-sparing diuretic and nonselective aldosterone antagonist.
Lisinopril belongs to this drug category, which prevents the conversion of Angiotensin I to a potent vasoconstrictor.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
Losartan belongs to this drug category, which competitively blocks Angiotensin II receptors.
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).
Beyond sodium and water, Hydrochlorothiazide also increases the excretion of these two specific ions.
Potassium and hydrogen
This is the primary therapeutic use for Furosemide when it is administered for immediate relief of fluid in the lungs.
Acute pulmonary edema
Spironolactone exerts its effect by blocking the action of this specific steroid hormone.
Aldosterone
By inhibiting Angiotensin II production, Lisinopril reduces BP and also treats this acute cardiac event.
ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Losartan is specifically indicated for the treatment of this kidney complication in hypertensive patients.
Diabetic neuropathy
Hydrochlorothiazide is indicated for edema associated with hepatic cirrhosis, heart failure, and these two types of hormone therapies.
Corticosteroid and estrogen therapy
While oral, IV, and SQ routes are common, this administration method is considered the least preferred for Furosemide.
Intramuscular (IM)
Spironolactone is used off-label for these two dermatological conditions related to androgen levels.
Acne and hirsutism
Exposure of ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with this risk.
Increased risk of fetal malformations
Losartan is contraindicated for concomitant use with an ACE inhibitor or this specific renin inhibitor.
Aliskiren
This specific renal dysfunction, characterized by protein loss in urine, is a therapeutic indication for Hydrochlorothiazide.
Nephrotic syndrome
Furosemide is contraindicated in patients with anuria, hepatic cirrhosis, or this accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
Ascites
This population may use Spironolactone as part of gender-affirming hormone therapy.
Transgender women
These two unique and persistent adverse effects are hallmarks of ACE inhibitor therapy.
Cough and angiodema
Losartan is generally preferred over ACE inhibitors for some patients because it causes these two side effects to a lesser extent.
Angiodema and cough
Maternal use of Hydrochlorothiazide may cause neonatal thrombocytopenia or this conditioned characterized by yellowing of the skin.
Neonatal jaundice
When Furosemide is used during pregnancy, nursing considerations must include monitoring for this specific metric.
Fetal growth
Spironolactone is contraindicated in patients with this adrenal insufficiency disorder.
Addison disease
To manage orthostatic hypotension, nurses should teach patients on Lisinopril to do this before ambulation.
Dangle the legs at bedside.