Sensation and Perception
A candle flame that can be detected (seen) on a clear night, 30 miles away, is due to this.
What is absolute threshold?
Getting paid one time a week is an example of this.
What is fixed interval?
This type of problem solving strategy can sometimes be methodical, organized, systematic.
What is applying an algorithm formula?
Animals, foods, are easier to remember than love, grace, or allegory when doing this type of encoding.
What is visual encoding?
This psychologist developed standardization and norming for IQ testing among children
Who is Louis Terman?
The names of our senses.
What are visual, auditory, taste, touch (thermoception, nociception, pain) smell, vestibular (proprioception, kinesthesia) ?
This schedule of reinforcement often leads to increased responses, like gambling for long periods of time.
What is variable ratio?
An example of this type of error in reasoning is when we watch Tik Toc videos on college student experiences that were recommended by people who we trust.
Another type of error in reasoning that can be used in this same scenario would be only viewing Tik Toc videos in your feed, or those you've already viewed.
What is confirmation bias?
What is availability heuristic error?
This is known as the Atkinson-Shriffron Model of memory.
What are the 3 stages of memory?
Sensory memory- STM- LTM stages
When one is conditioned not to like something, as seen in phobias, it is called this.
What is an aversion?
Name of photoreceptor cells that work well in low lit environments.
Name of photoreceptor cells that work well giving excellent spatial detail and known for ability to discern color
What are rods?
What are cones?
In the experiment conducted on little Albert, this was the US and this was the UR.
This was the first NS
What is hammer striking a steel bar? (US)
What is fear (UR)?
What is white rat?
Gilbert identifies California or New York when asked about American cities.
THis is known as this.
What is a prototype of a concept?
These are 2 things that occur when we encode.
What are labeling (coding) the actual memory and connect it to similar information (adding new to existing concepts)?
Sara had a car accident. She remembers everything that happened up to that point. She struggles with maintaining memories after the incident.
Michael is a police officer who was shot and injured while on duty. He is unable to remember what happened that day and during the days leading up to this.
Sara - What is anterograde amnesia?
Michael- What is retrograde amnesia?
Noticing elements of a scene like tree, grass, rocks, shadows that come together to produce an entire image is an example of this.
Inkblot test is an example of this.
What is bottom-up processing?
What is top-down processing?
These unlearned behaviors are said to include 2 different parts of the brain.
Name the unlearned behaviors
Name parts of the brain they come from.
What are reflexes? Come from CNS (spinal cord, medulla)
What are instincts? Come from survival part of brain but also includes higher brain regions (amygdala, hypothalamus).
(a2 x b2 x c2 )
A = length x width
v = s x s x s
What are artificial concepts?
Georgia meets a friend from her alma mater. She wants to keep in touch but does not have anything to write down her friend's phone number. She hears the phone number and repeats it over and over again. Georgia's inability to remember it and therefore repeat it helps it move it from one place to another. This is known as this...
What is memory consolidation?
The acronym O.C.E.A.N is often used to help us remember the Five Factor Model. It is known as this.
What is an mnemonic device?
These take the electrical signals to the brain when visual and auditory sensations occur.
What are the optic nerve and auditory nerve?
Henny Hen was the state fair's main attraction because she could perform a "pecking dance" when a customer inserted $2.00 into her cage. The outcome is an example of this.
What is shaping behavior?
These language components are similar to sample and population.
What are morphemes and semantics?
Morphemes- smallest unit of language that convey meaning
Semantics meaning derived from morphemes and words.
This type of LTM includes tying our shoes or riding a skateboard.
What are procedural memories?
Amy struggles with math. Her teacher wants to test her for a learning disability known as this.
What is dyscalculia?
Part of the brain that perceives touch sensations.
What is the somatosensory area, located in the parietal lobe?
Money is an example of this type of reinforcer.
What is a secondary reinforcer?
Based on the bell curve for intelligence, a mean intelligence IQ is this.
One standard deviation is this.
What is 100?
What is 15?
This is also known as biographical memory and occurs here.
What is episodic memory and it occurs in LTM?
Julian is using a scale to see which set of rocks weighs more.
The scale seems to be even. Julian adds a small rock, then another small rock, then another until he could see the scales slightly move.
This example is similar to observing effect of stimuli, known as this.
What is the just noticeable difference (jnd)?
These are the areas where transduction occur in visual, auditory, taste, touch and smell
Where are in retina (rods), cochlea, taste buds, touch (Meissner's, Pacinian, Ruffini corpuscles, and Merkel's disks), olfactory epithelium?
Jonah keeps texting on his smartphone while working with his study group.
The group tells Jonah they don't want his help on the current group project.
This is an example of this.
What is negative punishment?
This intelligence can essentially be found in both Sternberg's and Gardner's intelligence theories.
What is analytical (Sternberg) /logical mathematical (Gardner)?
Name 2 parts of the brain involved with memory and their types of memories processed.
What are amygdala (fear memories), hippocampus (explicit, recognition, spatial memories)cerebellum (procedural memories), prefrontal cortex (remembering semantic tasks)
This is the only sense that does not travel to the thalamus because of this.
What is olfaction? What is the olfactory bulb, which sits atop the olfactory receptors?
This visual theory includes an implication when we continue to see visual sensations after we stop looking at the stimuli (or close our eyes), such as seeing a black dot after looking at the sun.
Name the visual theory and implication.
What is opponent-process theory?
What is afterimage?
Jeramiah loves his dad. He follow him around the house on a regular basis. One day Jeramiah saw his dad shaving. He went to the kitchen to get a utensil to mimic his dad. Unfortunately, Jeramiah cut his skin while doing this. This example of learning is said to have developed based on these types of neurons.
What is the learning exhibited here and what is the name of the neuron(s)?
What is observational learning?
What are mirror neurons?
Intra and interpersonal intelligence are also called this.
What is emotional intelligence?
This has been found to lead to misinformation and false memories.
What is suggestibility?
Hakeem took a bite out of his chocolate cake and noticed it tasted odd. He took another bite of his cake and it still had the odd taste. He took one more bite of the cake and became sick.
Hakeem's behavior is recognized as this occurance.
What is development of conditioning through the acquisition phase?