Human Memory
What does the research around the idea of "multi-tasking" suggest?
Multi-tasking is ineffective as it decreases the likelihood that the information is properly encoded into the LTM.
Who was the theorist associated with the Nativist view of language development?
Nom Chomsky
Define "Drives"
behavior that motivates us to reduce internal states of tension
Name the three phases prenatal development.
Germinal, Embryonic, and Fetal
Consistency and Distinctiveness
This "type" of memory holds a moderate amount of information for less than 1 sec and is constant/consistent across development
Sensory Memory
What does the minimal difference between girls and boys IQs tell us about the nature of IQ
Gender is not a biological factor that influences IQ
What are the three major component of motivation?
Activation, Persistance, and Intensity
What is the sensitive period and the dose response relation? How do they interact?
Sensitive period is a time when a teratogen effects are worse and the dose relation response states that the greater the exposure the greater the possible damage.
Large amounts of a teratogen during a sensitive period can lead to extremely adverse effects
The statistical analysis of correlations among many variables to identify closely related clusters of variables
Factor Analysis
A type of forgetting where previously learned info interferes with the retention of new info
Proactive Forgetting
What did the HOME show concerning concerning adopted children's IQs? Bonus: what does this tell us about IQs and biology?
Bonus: Brain connections correlated with heredity develop and exert stronger influences as we get older.
What is the Over-Justification Effect?
Intrinsic motivation is decreased when a person is given Extrinsic motivation. (Bad because intrinsic motivation is more effective than extrinsic motivation)
What would we expect to see from an anxious-ambivalent child upon the reunion in the Strange Situation experiment?
The child would not be easily comforted by their caregiver. They would both seek comfort and show anger towards the caregiver.
Bonus: What researcher did this experiment?
What is the purpose of the defense mechanisms as theorized by Freud?
Ego tries unconsciously protect us from the anxiety/tension created by the Super Ego and Id battling.
Bonus: Name 3 defense mechanisms
Belief that we forgot something when in reality we never encoded it
Pseudo-forgetting
Language Acquisition Support System; collection of strategies used by environmental influences to support a language learning child. (Expansion, Recast, and Mother Ease)
Norms that regulate how/when/where to show emotions. (Varies by culture)
Bonus: Give an example of a display rule
Name each stage of Kohlberg's Morality Stages and their main principle.
Pre-conventional (morality in terms of external punishment)
Conventional(Black and white mortality based off of society rules)
Post-conventional(know what's right and wrong morally as opposed to lawfully)
Name the 3 structures of personality according to Freud and what "component" they fall under
Id (Pleasure component)
Ego (Reality/decision-making component)
Super Ego (Moral component)
Name and explain the 5 encoding techniques discussed in class.
Elaboration, Imagery, Dual-Coding, Rehearsal, and Chunking
Name each of the intelligences under Gardners Theory of Multiple Intelligences.
Naturalistic, Linguistic, Visual/Spatial, Kinesthetic, Musical, Logical, Intrapersonal, and Interpersonal
Name and draw a diagram of at least three of the theories on how we experience emotion.
James-Lange, Canon-Bard, Schacter, and Common Sense
What two features are present in Piagets Pre-operational Stage of cognitive Development but are resolved in the Concrete Operational Stage?
Centration and Ego-Centrism
Distinguish between Displacement and Projection
Displacement is when you take out your feelings on another person (your still feeling the feeling) while Projection is when you place your true feelings on others (you aren't "feeling" the feeling)