WHO
The process of substances (i.e., H2O, glucose, Na, Cl) crossing the walls of the nephron to re-enter the blood
Tubular reabsorption
Term for a health condition in which an area of the myocardium is deprived of O2 as a result of complete artery occlusion and myocytes begin to die if blood supply is not restored in 20min
Myocardial Infarction
I closely resemble MI, am usually preceded by physical exertion, and last 5- 10 minutes
Angina Pectoris
What is the most common cause of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
atherosclerosis
Name 3 lifestyle modifications that can help manage angina
Limit alcohol, dietary restriction (fatty foods), tobacco use cessation, manage BP, exercise, manage BG, limit Na intake, improved sleep hygiene
This herbal supplement (CAM) interacts with beta- blockers, CCBs, ONs, & Digoxin and is derived from a thorny shrub
Hawthorn
I require immediate treatment and lead to permanent destruction of nephrons
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
First line treatment for MI, this medication converts plasminogen to plasmin and is contraindicated in pts w/ hx of stroke or head trauma w/in last 3 mo
Alteplase (Activase)
Reserved for significant cases of coronary artery obstruction (that cannot be removed via PCI), a procedure in which a portion of a vein from the leg or chest is used to create a "bypass" artery
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG)
Name the drug class: First line to terminate acute anginal attack, this drug affects smooth muscle in arteries and veins and is available in both short acting and long acting formulations
Organic Nitrates
If administered IV, this drug must be in a covered, glass bottle and ran with special tubing
Nitroglycerine- plastic absorbs nitrates, reduce light exposure
The process by which large molecules (i.e., Pen G, Morphine, K+) pass through the glomerular capsule
Tubular secretion
If given with licorice extract, this diuretic can increase BP
Spironolactone
I work fast, get rid of lots of fluid and don't need the best working heat or kidneys to work
Furosemide- particularly useful when CO & renal blood flow diminished (HF, AKI)
This type of angina involves spasms that are unpredictable, often occurs from midnight to early morning, is not always related to plaque accumulation in the vessels and will show transient changes in the ST segment on an EKG
Variant (Prinzmetal’s) angina
I am prescribed the most in my class, Im almost as effective as high- ceiling diuretics, but I might need a Potassium supplement taken with me
Hydrochlorothiazide
My leading cause is untreated HTN and DM. I affect 15% of adults in the U.S.
Chronic Kidney Disease
Name the class or drug: A selective beta 1 blocker indicated for use in (first line for stable) angina, HTN, MI, & HF, but it does not help in variant angina
Atenolol (Beta adrenergic antagonist)
Most effective if started w/in 12 hours but mostly ineffective if started 24 hours post MI, this therapy is administered to dissolve clots but has a narrow margin of safety & produces serious AEs (excessive bleeding)
Fibrinolytic (thrombolytic) Therapy (i.e., Reteplase, Alteplase)
This medication is useful in the treatment of variant angina, can be combined with ONs & beta blockers but should not be used in patients w/ AV heart block
Ca channel blockers (Diltiazem)
Approved for use in chronic angina, this drug is used for PREVENTION and is the only antianginal drug that acts through metabolic effects
Ranolazine (Ranexa)
A procedure ideally performed within 90min of hospital arrival, indicated when coronary arteries are significantly obstructed and may include balloon angioplasty
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
Only offered IV, this medication increases excretion of ALL electrolytes and can worsen edema in patients with HF
Osmotic diuretics (Mannitol)
What is a key distinguishing feature of unstable versus stable angina aside from increased frequency and prolonged, more severe episodes
the pain may not fully resolve with typical relieving factors
Rarely use, this diuretic inhibits the resorption of HCO3, produces weak diuresis and can contribute to metabolic acidosis
(Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors)