Chapter 6
Infants prefer to look at these instead of simple objects.
What are faces?
Piaget believed children organize information using mental categories called this.
What is a schema?
Gardener’s theory of multiple intelligences had this many different kinds of intelligence.
What is 8 or 9?
The first sounds a baby makes are vowel sounds, which is called this.
What is cooing?
These kinds of emotions, such as happiness and anger, likely have a physiological component and are recognized across many different cultures.
What are basic emotions?
The brain stem is responsible for this.
What is breathing, heart rate, and sleep?
Vygotsky’s social cultural theory says that children learn with support from adults, which is called this.
What is scaffolding?
Intrinsic motivation comes from this type of motivators.
What are internal motivators?
The language that children can understand (but not necessarily produce) is called this.
What is receptive language?
A child with a happy and generally positive personality has this kind of temperament.
What is easy?
The occipital lobe processes this.
What is vision?
This milestone, which develops in the sensorimotor stage, is when infants can now understand that an absent object is not gone, but somewhere else.
What is object permanence?
This test uses the intelligence quotient, or IQ, for scoring.
What is the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?
The norms and conventions for socially acceptable conversations are called this.
What are pragmatics?
This type of attachment is formed with a caregiver who reliably meets the child’s needs.
What is secure attachment?
Connections between neurons form in this process.
What is synaptogenesis?
In the preoperational stage, children use this type of reasoning by linking observations together in a causal way when there isn’t an actual cause.
What is transductive reasoning?
This type of intelligence is characterized by using previous knowledge to solve problems.
What is crystallized intelligence?
This part of the brain, found behind the left ear, is responsible for speech comprehension.
What is Wernicke’s area?
This type of attachment is caused when the guardian doesn’t constantly or frequently respond to the infant’s needs.
What is ambivalent/resistant attachment?
To help neurotransmitters communicate properly, a waxy sheath of this insulates the axons.
What is myelin?
Conservation, the understanding that quantity can change regardless of a change in appearance, develops in this stage.
What is the concrete operational stage?
In Sternburg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, this type of intelligence is used to change behavior to adapt to the environment, also called “street smarts.”
What is practical/contextual intelligence?
By 2 years old, children can say roughly this many words.
What is 50?
In this attachment style, the guardian has been unresponsive to the infant’s needs, leading the infant to not rely on the guardian.
What is avoidant attachment?