Exam 2 Review

Social

100

This describes our tendency to assume people's actions are a result of their personality rather than the situation

Fundamental attribution error/bias OR person bias

200

This is our tendency to overestimate the likelihood of something based on how easily it comes to mind

Availability heuristic

300

This describes a mental blueprint of model we have of the world

schema

400

The tendency to overestimate the intensity of future feelings

Impact bias

500

This psychologist described attitudes as "mental guides used to inform behavior

Allport

Cognition

100

Hearing one's name being mentioned despite being part of a conversation

Cocktail party effect

200

Research about talking on the phone while driving has shown that we are much worse at this than we think

Multitasking

300

This model of attention states that meaning is given to information very early and this influences how much attention we give to stimuli

Attenuation Model (Treisman)

400

Not noticing a gorilla enter a screen of black and white-shirted basketball players would be an example of this phenomenon

Inattentional blindness

500

This system is associated with "hot", emotional, and shallow processing of information to make decisions

System 1

Learning I

100

Adapting to an stimulus despite no changes in its intensity (e.g. not noticing street noise even though it is still there)

Habituation

200

This signals the arrival of a reward of punishment

CS (conditioned stimulus)

300

The experiment with Little Albert used what type of conditioning to make him fearful of small animals

Classical conditioning ; Generalization

400

This describes the automatic response that a subject may have to a given stimulus

Unconditioned Response (UR)

500

This describes the reinstatement of a response even after it has been extinguished

Spontaneous recovery

Learning II

100

This increases the likelihood of a behavior by removing a stimulus

Negative reinforcement

200

These devices were developed to learn about how animals would respond to their environment in order to pursue a reward

Skinner boxes OR puzzle boxes

300

Responding to similar stimuli for a reward

Generalization

400

This schedule of reinforcement is based on time

Interval (fixed/variable)

500

This schedule of reinforcement is used in slot machines and is one of the reasons gambling can be so addictive

Variable ratio schedule of reinforcement

Language

100

The use of words and style of speaking based on who is listening

Audience design

200

Speakers share this when talking about specific topics

Common ground

300

This type of language is thought to have developed to show closeness within social groups

Gossip

400

This part of the brain is associated with speech production

Frontal lobe OR motor strip/cortex OR Broca's area

500

Using emotion-driven words to describe neutral situations activates this part of the brain

Amygdala / limbic system