Disorders
Cathy is worried about her mental health. She visits Dr. Henderson, a psychiatrist, to seek treatment for her condition. When Dr. Henderson asks her questions about herself, Cathy reveals that she is unhappy and feels worthless most of the time. She doesn't eat or sleep well and has even contemplated suicide. Dr. Henderson also learns that Cathy has been experiencing these distressing symptoms for almost three weeks. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Henderson is likely to diagnose Cathy with
a) dissociative identity disorder.
b) bipolar disorder.
c) major depressive disorder.
d) social anxiety disorder.
c) major depressive disorder.
Hugo, a therapist, helps his clients recognize the connections between their thoughts and their feelings and helps them use thinking to change their feelings. He emphasizes that thoughts are the main source of psychological problems. In this scenario, Hugo is most likely practicing
a) cognitive therapy.
b) psychodynamic therapy.
c) behavior therapy.
d) humanistic therapy.
a) cognitive therapy.
Which of the following statements is true of the relationship between the immune system and stress?
a) Acute stressors are associated with poor immune system functioning.
b) Acute stressors fail to produce immunological changes in individuals.
c) Chronic stressors are associated with an increase in immune system responsiveness.
d) Chronic emotional stress is associated with a low incidence of heart diseases.
a) Acute stressors are associated with poor immune system functioning.
Self-efficacy is the belief that you can
a. teach others to be self-reliant.
b. show unconditional positive regard for others.
c. be empathetic to your own problems.
d. master a situation and produce positive outcomes.
d. master a situation and produce positive outcomes.
While working in a factory, Adam suddenly starts to feel terrified for no apparent reason. He starts to tremble and has severe palpitations. He feels helpless and fears that he is likely to die any moment. Which of the following types of anxiety disorders is most likely exhibited in this scenario?
a) panic disorder
b) generalized anxiety disorder
c) social anxiety disorder
d) specific phobia
a) panic disorder
Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days, she says she is on top of the world. She also took all her savings and invested it in a questionable financial venture. This period of nonstop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited earlier this semester. Your roommate is exhibiting symptoms of
a) bipolar disorder.
b) generalized anxiety disorder.
c) panic disorder.
d) panic disorder.
a) bipolar disorder.
The primary goal of behavior therapy is to
a) uncover unconscious conflicts.
b) gain self-awareness.
c) reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.
d) be sensitive to the cultural and contextual needs of the client.
c) reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.
Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of the general adaptation syndrome?
a. alarm, resistance, challenge
b. primary appraisal, alarm, secondary appraisal
c. challenge, frustration, exhaustion
d. alarm, resistance, exhaustion
d. alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Maria’s husband was diagnosed with an advanced stage of cancer. Instead of dealing with the threat of cancer, Maria decides to sign her and her husband up for a cruise. Maria is engaging in _____ coping.
a. Problem-focused
b. Objective-focused
c. Task-focused
d. Emotion-focused
d. Emotion-focused
A major advantage to group therapy is that
a) clients have more opportunity to develop social skills.
b) clients can get more undivided attention from the therapist.
c) the therapist has less work to do because the clients do most of the work.
d) it is better suited to clients with severe problems.
a) clients have more opportunity to develop social skills.
Eric has an extreme fear of being humiliated in public. As a result, he avoids public gatherings and functions. The thought of speaking in front of the crowd induces panic in him. Which of the following best describes Eric's disorder?
a) obsessive-compulsive disorder
b) generalized anxiety disorder
c) social phobia
d) algophobia
c) social phobia
Alex has been working with a therapist because she felt very confused and unsure about herself for the past few years. Alex’s therapist tends to be very nondirective and devotes a great deal of the session to allowing Alex to explore her identity, wants, and dreams for the future. The therapist rarely gives direct advice and instead is primarily interested in helping Alex clarify her own ideas and feelings. Alex’s therapist is most likely associated with the ______ perspective of therapy
a) behavioral
b) cognitive
c) humanistic
d) psychodynamic
c) humanistic
Which of the following statements is true of the preliminary hypotheses about the interaction that causes vulnerability to disease?
a. Stress directly promotes disease-fighting processes.
b. Stressful experiences increase the efficiency of the immune system.
c. Stressful situations make individual more susceptible to diseases.
d. Stressful experiences cause the deactivation of dormant viruses.
c. Stressful situations make individual more susceptible to diseases.
Which of the following statements would be most typical of someone in the preparation stage of change?
a. “Problem? What problem? I don’t have a problem.”
b. “I am going to continue pursuing new alternative healthy behaviors.”
c. “I know that my behavior is problematic, but I’m not ready to change it yet.”
d. “I’m going to do something about this problem, starting next week.”
d. “I’m going to do something about this problem, starting next week.”
All of the following are classified as anxiety disorders, EXCEPT
a) specific phobia.
b) panic disorder.
c) depression.
d) social phobia.
c) depression.
Lewis is afraid of stairs and slopes. He avoids climbing the stairs in any building and always uses the elevator. He goes to great lengths to stay away from houses or other buildings that do not have elevators. Which of the following anxiety disorders does Lewis most likely exhibit in this scenario?
a) panic disorder
b) specific phobia
c) generalized anxiety disorder
d) social anxiety disorder
b) specific phobia
According to the ______ approach, a therapist may use dream analysis to interpret the latent content, or the unconscious, hidden aspects that are symbolized by the manifest content of dreams
a) cognitive-behavioral
b) cognitive
c) group therapy
d) psychodynamic
d) psychodynamic
According to the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, the most important determinant of stress is __________
a) whether it is positive or negative in nature.
b) the individual's health status.
c) whether the person avoids or confronts the stressor.
d) the individual's perception of the stressor.
d) the individual's perception of the stressor.
Which of the following lists the steps in the stages of change model in the correct order?
a) precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, maintenance, action
b) precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
c) preparation, precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance
d) preparation, action, precontemplation, contemplation, maintenance
b) precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
The Type A behavior pattern is defined by a cluster of characteristics, including being excessively
a. optimistic, resilient, friendly and intelligent.
b. relaxed, easygoing, flexible, and carefree.
c. competitive, hard-driven, impatient, and hostile.
d. assertive, introverted, angry, and rational.
c. competitive, hard-driven, impatient, and hostile.
Brenda is constantly in the habit of arranging and rearranging the things in her house. She feels very anxious when things are not arranged symmetrically and engages in this behavior to dismiss her negative feelings. Consequently, Brenda forbids children from entering her house because she is afraid that they will disturb the balance of orderliness. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, Brenda is most likely to be diagnosed with
a) paranoid personality disorder.
b) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
c) post-traumatic stress disorder.
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Aimee is seeing a therapist because she is depressed. Her therapist gives her examples of reinforcing self-statements and trains Aimee on self-instructional methods that allow her to modify her own behavior. Aimee’s therapist is most likely practicing
a) cognitive therapy
b) cognitive-behavior therapy
c) humanistic therapy
d) psychodynamic therapy
b) cognitive-behavior therapy
According to Lazarus, in ________, individuals interpret whether an event involves harm or loss that has already occurred, a threat of some future danger, or a challenge to be overcome.
a) initial assessment
b) initial intake
c) primary appraisal
d) secondary appraisal
c) primary appraisal
Amber shifted to a new apartment. She is finding it difficult to adapt to the new place, so her friends help her out by arranging all her furniture. This makes Amber feel less stressful. This scenario exemplifies which type of benefit of social support?
a) tangible assistance
b) information
c) emotional support
d) cognitive support
a) tangible assistance
In the context of personality characteristics, ________ is associated with taking the right steps toward a long, healthy life.
a) an external locus of control
b) a sense of personal control
c) strong extrinsic motivation
d) Type A behavior
b) a sense of personal control