Statistics
Define generalizability
Generalizability is a measure of how useful the results of a study are for a broader group of people or situations
Name one unethical experiment from the last century.
What does magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measure?
Measures changes in blood flow.
What is often the only research method that can be used to access closed groups, like a cult?
Disguised participant observation
Define semi-structured interviews.
There are some set questions that are delivered to all respondents. However, other questions vary depending on earlier responses.
What does a negative r value indicate?
Those who score high on one variable tend to score low on the other.
What is the consenting process needed to have child participants in an experiment?
Written consent by the parent or guardian is generally required and assent (agreement) from the minor
What does an electroencephalogram (EEG) measure?
Measures the electrical activity of brain cells to assess brain arousal/activity.
Audio/visual recordings
Tally counts
Observer narratives
Provide an example of a close ended question and an open ended question?
e.g., What is your name?
e.g., How are you feeling together?
What two things can we learn about the relationship between two variables based on the correlation coefficient?
The direction and strength of the relationship.
The Belmont Principle "Respect for Persons" is made up of what two distinct requirements?
The first is the recognition that people are autonomous and entitled to their own opinions and choices, unless detrimental to others.
The second is the recognition that due to various reasons, not all people are capable of self-determination and instead require protection.
The electrical conductance of skin, which changes with sweat.
What is the main feature of quasi-experimental research that distinguishes it from experimental research?
Random assignment of participants is not utilized.
What are two ways to influence a participant's willingness to answer interview questions?
Maximizing recognition and minimizing ego threat. This is best accomplished by contextualizing questions in a flattering or understanding way.
Provide an example of type 2 error.
(the error that occurs when one fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false)
What are the three pillars of informed consent?
What does an intramuscular electromyogram measure?
Measures muscle tension to assess level of tension or stress.
Drs. Hart and Cohle participate in a police ride-along program in order to examine the day-to-day activities of police officers. This method of gathering information may best be described as:
Naturalistic Observation
What are some advantages of asking open ended questions?
Can uncover important information, can help the interview feel more natural, can help elucidate the chronological order of events, etc.
What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?
Descriptive statistics summarize data while inferential statistics determine the probability that results are due to chance.
Explain the difference between minimal and greater risk according to the IRB.
Minimal risk means denotes the risk of harm to participants no greater than risks encountered in daily life or in routing physical or psychological tests, while greater risk involves anything with physical/psychological stress or invasion of privacy.
Describe a research question that might be answered using EEGs.
What are the three variations of multiple baseline designs?
Across subjects, behaviors, and situations
Name two benefits of qualitative coding.
Increase validity
Decrease bias
Accurately represent participants
Enable transparency