Vocab
What is a paralinguistic signal? Give one example.
The way we show what we mean when we say something (Pacing, pausing, loudness, pitch).
According to Maltz and Borker, when are we linguistically socialized and with whom?
According to Tannen, when might miscommunication happen?
When two people are interpreting conversational signals differently.
True or false: Robinson says that virtual communication is inferior to communication in the physical world.
False.
What do we mean when we say a performance is "emergent"?
The performance is occurring in relationship to the context surrounding it.
What is a dialect?
A particular form of a language that is specific to a region and/or social group
True of False: Cameron things that Tannen makes convincing arguments about Men's and Women's talk.
False
What are two ways that Tannen says people might try to build relationships with one another through conversational devices?
Ritual complaining, asking questions, or self-revelation
What is the difference between recontextualization and decontextualization?
Taking something out of its original context and placing it in a new one versus merely taking something out of its original context.
talk or speech that establishes connection with those being spoken to/with
What is biological determinism?
The theory that aspects of our identity are biologically determined (things like our likes/dislikes, gender, and intelligence are all biologically predetermined and not subject to change).
What does Cameron say the conversation she analyzes is a sustained performance of?
Masculinity
What is one emoji that is used differently across cultural groups?
(answers may vary)
Who does Susan Lepselter say are more likely to use conspiracy theories to explain their circumstances?
Those who do not hold (institutional) power or who don't benefit from "the system"
What does Hill mean when she talks about disordered language versus ordered language?
She's referring to the way Spanish is used by white people in white public space, the boundaries are not clear and they are not monitored (forced into order) in the same way that native Spanish speakers must monitor their speech in public.
What is a metamessage in a conversation?
The message behind the message (ritual complaining to establish solidarity).
Why does Butler give the example of the woman asking her if she was a lesbian on the street in Berkeley?
She is talking about the performance of gender identity and sexual identity, that the woman could tell she was a lesbian based on her performed appearance (and potentially felt the need to call her out because she did not fit the "norm" for her gender).
What is one reason why a comedian may use an "obscene word"
to establish the space as "personal" and informal
to get the audience comfortable so that they can move into more "imaginative" or "risky" territory.
socially
Give one example of Men's Speech according to Maltz and Borker
storytelling, arguing, and verbal posturing.
What does Hill mean when she uses the phrase "indirect indexicality"
She's talking about covert signals in speech (she's specifically talking about indirect racism in speech as opposed to direct racism in speech)
According to Cameron, why and when might men who hold heteronormative belief systems gossip?
In situations where they may be at risk of being seen as homosexual (homosocial situations).
What does it mean to use a word in a non-referential way?
To use a word in a way that is not referring to its literal meaning
Ge gives an example of her students using skin tones for their emojis that do not match their own, how might you explain this using the notion of "performance"?
answers may vary
Girl 1: She’s re:all:y humiliating to be seen with.
Girl 2: She seems pretty la:me not gonna lie.
[
Girl 3: Did you say you untagged pictures you have with her?
What do the transcription conventions in this transcript mean?