EO5
What do enzymes do to reaction rates?
Enzymes speed up the rate of reactions
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Protection; transport in and out of the cell
What is the function of the nucleus?
Store genetic material
What is the difference between endergonic and exergonic?
endergonic- absorbs energy
exergonic- releases energy
What elements are in ATP?
CHONP
What binds to the enzyme in order to allow it to perform it's function?
Substrate
What is the difference between hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic?
Hypotonic- water in
Hypertonic- water out
Isotonic- both
Do organelles increase or decrease efficiency? How?
Organelles increase the efficiency of cellular processes by concentrating the reagents and biochemical processes in specific regions of the cell so they can be carried out more quickly.
What type of transport has molecules moving against the concentration gradient?
Active transport
What type of bonds are hydrophobic vs hydrophilic? Why is this the case chemically?
Nonpolar covalent: hydrophobic
- By lacking a charge, these molecules do not have any charge-to-charge interactions that will allow them to interact with water.
Polar covalent: hydrophilic
- Similar to ions, polar molecules are able to dissolve in water. Polar molecules have partial positive and negative charges. The attraction between opposite partial charges helps polar molecules dissolve in water.
How do enzymes speed up reaction rates?
By lowering the activation energy and stabilizing the transition state
Define selective permeability.
What two factors determine it?
Membrane's ability to differentiate between molecules
Determined by size and charge
What is the endosymbiosis theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts were aerobic bacteria digested by large anaerobic bacteria
Draw and explain a metabolic pathway
A metabolic pathway is a series of connected chemical reactions that feed into one another to create an end product
Name two core competencies from the vision and change framework. Which core competency is EO3?
EO3: Ability to use quantitative reasoning
Ability to: apply the process of science, use quantitative reasoning, use modeling and simulation, tap into the interdisciplinary nature of science, communicate and collaborate with other disciplines, and understand the relationship between science and society.
Define potential and kinetic energy and give an example of each
Potential-stored in position (ball at the top of a hill)
Kinetic- energy of motion (ball rolling down the hill)
What is the fluid mosaic model of membranes?
Says that a cell membrane is a mosaic of its components (phospholipids, proteins, etc.)
What supports the endosymbiosis theory?
Lines of both have their own circular DNA (characteristic of prokaryotes), double membrane, reproduction similar to that of bacteria.
Draw an example of a serial dilution with 4 different tubes, each 1/4 the concentration of the previous
Drawn
Name and draw the four functional groups we have discussed
Amino, Carboxyl, Hydroxide, Phosphate
Draw a labeled energy diagram for the same reaction with and without an enzyme present.
On board
Draw an example of passive and active transport and explain the difference between the two.
Drawing
Draw the origin of a eukaryotic cell following the endosymbiosis theory
Drawing
What are the four biomacromolecules we talk about in this course? Which are active vs passive? What does this mean?
Lipids and Carbohydrates are passive (do not perform an active role within the cell (primarily used for storage))
Proteins and Nucleic acids are active (Both play active roles within the cell (Ex: proteins facilitate chemical reactions and nucleic acids express genomic information ))
Draw and label an ATP molecule.
Drawing