Stress
This is the stress hormone, largely regulated by the HPA axis
Cortisol
The propensity to deal with stressful events in a certain way
Coping style
This is the understanding of disease acquired through media, personal experience, and lay networks
Illness Representations
Not following the directions of a medical provider
Non-adherence
Examples are posture or gait changes, facial expression, sounds of distress, and avoidance of certain activities.
Pain Behaviors
These are the stages of the general adaptation syndrome, in the correct order
alarm, resistance, exhaustion
The belief that one can determine their own behavior, influence their own environment, and bring about their desired outcomes
Psychological Control
The flu is an example of this type of illness
Acute Illness
This is the "gold standard" type of study to test drug effectiveness
Double blind
Natural pain suppression
These are the three ways stressors are appraised
Harm, threat, challenge
This defines invisible support
Assistance in a manner that the helpee doesn't not know they are being helped
Dismissing symptoms of illness is an example of this type of behavior
Delay behavior
It is a diverse group of therapies, products, and medical treatments not necessarily based in Western Medicine. These are two examples
CAM therapies
Yoga, Meditation, Guided Imagery, Acupuncture, Dietary supplements, Hypnosis, Chiropractic care, Massage
This is a reason that pain is necessary for survival
Provide low-level feedback about body functioning
Minor life events which have both short and long term effects on well-being, health, and illness
Daily Hassles
A psychological resource that allows people to cope with stressors, bounce back from bad experiences, and flexibly adapt to stressful situations
Resilience
This model explains how illness representations are acquired and how people understand the illness experience
The Commonsense Model of Illness
These are two ways providers may contribute to faulty communication
Inattentiveness.
Use of jargon.
Baby talk.
Nonperson treatment.
Stereotypes of patients.
These are two ways that can influence how pain is interpreted
Setting, Motivation, Interpretation, Culture Expectations, Gender
These types of events make situations stressful. Provide at least two examples
These are two emotion focused and two problem focused coping strategies
Problem Focused
Active, Instrumental Support, Positive reframing, Planning
Emotion Focused
Emotional support, Venting, Humor, Acceptance, Religion
Illness representations include these. 3 of 6 needed
Identity: Name of the illness.
Causes: Factors believed to have led to the illness.
Consequences: Symptoms, treatments, and their implications for quality of life.
Timeline: Length of time the illness is expected to last.
Control or cure: belief that the illness can be managed or cured.
Coherence: How well these beliefs represent the disorder.
These are effective and ineffective behaviors in the patient-provider relationship. One behavior each for patient and provider
Inattentiveness.
Use of jargon.
Baby talk.
Nonperson treatment.
Stereotypes of patients.
Clear instructions
Nonverbal communication
Patients
Poor education and understanding.
Patients' inability to present their complaints effectively.
Neurotic patients may exaggerate symptoms.
Anxious patients may find it difficult to focus attention and process and retain information.
Attention
Nonadherence
This is a description of chronic pain and some of the ways to manage it.
Usually stemming from a period of acute pain and lasting for more than 6 months, it can be managed with sensory intervention, counter irritation, bio feedback, coping skills interventions, etc