Cellular Respiration
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
Where does photosynthesis take place?
chloroplast
Biochemical pathway requires _______ to form new products.
enzymes
What macromolecules make up enzymes?
Proteins
In response to low O2, what do humans produce, and what do bacteria produce?
lactate
ethanol
What are the four steps of cellular respiration?
1. Glycolysis
2. Pruyvate Conversion
3. Krebs/Citric Acid/ Tricarboxylic Cycle
4. Oxidative Phosphorylation
What part of the chloroplast has a low H+ concentration?
stroma
Which pathways take place in the mitochondria?
Krebs cycle & Oxidative phosphorlation.
What happens to the enzyme's structure when exposed to high temperatures?
1. hydrogen bonds start breaking
2. It starts to unravel and starts to denature
3. It will lose 3D shape and active shape changes
How are the three light waves' outcomes when they hit an object?
Reflected
Transmitted
Absorbed
How much ATP do you make in glycolysis?
net 2
Total 4 but use 2 in energy investment phase
What is a light-harvesting complex (LHC)?
proteins with pigments embedded
Which part of cellular respiration do we produce CO2?
Krebs cycle
What happens to the enzyme's structure when exposed to low temperatures?
Protein loses flexibility, therefore, can not hold onto the substrate
At lower temperatures, molecules move slower so the substrates are harder to get by chance
What type of protein is ATP synthase?
integral, enzymatic, channel protein
How is citrate made in the Krebs cycle?
A acetyl group is transferred onto Oxaloeactic Acid (OAA) to create citrate to kick start the Krebs cycle
What molecules are consumed, produced, and made in the light-dependent complex?
consumed: O2
produce: H2O
made: ATP and NADPH
When O2 is low what happens to the ETC?
ETC gets backed up completely with electrons filling each of the proteins as there is nothing to pick up the tired electrons
What happens to the enzyme's structure when exposed to high pH?
When increasing pH, there is less H+ to help maintain shape and the enzyme can not longer function as efficiently
For every NADH in the ETC, how many H+ are removed in cellular respiration?
3 H+ which gives us 3 ATPs as they passed through ATP synthase
How many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 do you make in Oxidative phosphorylation?
34 ATP
use 10 NADH
use 2 FADH2
What molecules are consumed, produced, and made in the light-independent complex?
Produced: Glucose (Sugar)
Made: NADP+, ADP, Pi
What is the difference between noncyclic and cyclic phosphorylation?
noncyclic: electrons do not cycle, make ATP and NADH
cyclic: electrons cycle and make ATP only
What happens to the enzyme's structure when exposed to low pH?
What is the difference between C3, C4, and CAM plants?
C3 - does not have mechanisms to prevent O2 from binding to Rubisco
C4 - has a wall and an enzyme to prevent O2 from binding to Rubisco
CAM - has an additional enzyme and works on a day and night cycle to prevent O2 from binding to Rubisco