Organelles
1) All living things are made up of cells
2) All cells are derived from other cells
3) Cells are the smallest unit of "life"
These statements describe what theory?
Cell Theory
The head of a phospholipid is hydro-_____ while the fatty acid tails are hydro-______
Head = hydrophilic
Tail = hydrophobic
Catabolic reactions tend to be ________ because they release energy
Exergonic
In anaerobic conditions, the two types of fermentation result in _______ or _______
Alcohol or lactic acid
Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria are all examples of...
Autotrophs
What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
A proton pump consumes ATP to transport H+ out of the cell. Is this passive, active, or facilitative transport?
Active
What is the sign of ΔG in an endergonic reaction?
Positive; +ΔG
The purpose of the Krebs Cycle is to extract the remaining energy out of ________
Pyruvate; sugars
Where are the major sites of photosynthesis
Leaves
The semi-liquid fluid in which any organelles or cellular molecules sit in is called the...
Cytosol
Hypertonic
If you double the amount of enzyme in a reaction, how much more energy is absorbed/released?
Same amount
What atom is the final electron acceptor in Cellular Respiration
Oxygen
Where does atmospheric oxygen come from in photosynthesis?
Splitting of water
What four characteristics are present in ALL cells? (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya)
DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor membrane protein does not allow Na+ or K+ through until it is activated by a neurotransmitter. This "opens" the gate allowing ions to flow into/out of the cell. This is membrane protein is a...
Ion gated channel
Cyanide can bind to the side of Cytochrome C Oxidase (enzyme) to alter the shape of it's active site. This lowers it's affinity for Cytochrome C (substrate)
Cyanide is an example of a _______
Allosteric Noncompetitive Inhibitor
From which step is most of the carbon dioxide released from?
Citric acid cycle
Where does the Calvin Cycle occur
Stroma (inner space of chloroplasts)
All living organisms fall within the Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Bacteria and Archaea used to be grouped together in a single domain as Prokaryotes (Monera). What is the difference between Eukarya and Prokaryotes?
Nucleus and prescence of membrane-bound organelles
After ingesting a bacterial cell and digesting it with a lysosome, the cellular debris is exported out in a vesicle. What is this process called?
Exocytosis
Useable energy is always being lost in the form of heat during every energy transfer. This describes the _____ Law of Thermodynamics
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Where does Oxidative Phosphorylation take place
Inner Mitochondrial membrane (mitochondria has double membrane)
Where do the Light Reactions occur
Thylakoid membrane