Metabolism
Catabolic reactions tend to be ________ because they release energy
Exergonic
In anaerobic conditions, the two types of fermentation result in _______ or _______
Alcohol or lactic acid
Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria are all examples of...
Autotrophs
The head of a phospholipid is hydro-_____ while the fatty acid tails are hydro-______
Head = hydrophilic
Tail = hydrophobic
All living things are made up of what?
Cells
What is the sign of ΔG in an endergonic reaction?
Positive; +ΔG
The purpose of the Krebs Cycle is to extract the remaining energy out of ________
Pyruvate; sugars
Where are the major sites of photosynthesis
Leaves
A proton pump consumes ATP to transport H+ out of the cell. Is this passive, active, or facilitative transport?
Active
What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
How does an enzyme affect the amount of energy released/absorbed in a chemical reaction?
What atom is the final electron acceptor in Cellular Respiration
Oxygen
Where does atmospheric oxygen come from in photosynthesis?
Splitting of water
Hypertonic
The semi-liquid fluid in which any organelles or cellular molecules sit in is called the...
Cytosol
Cyanide can bind to the side of Cytochrome C Oxidase (enzyme) to alter the shape of it's active site. This lowers it's affinity for Cytochrome C (substrate)
Cyanide is an example of a _______
Allosteric Noncompetitive Inhibitor
Which step is carbon dioxide released from?
Citric acid cycle
Where does the Calvin Cycle occur
Stroma (inner space of chloroplasts)
A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor membrane protein does not allow Na+ or K+ through until it is activated by a neurotransmitter. This "opens" the gate allowing ions to flow into/out of the cell. This is an example of a...
Ion gated channel
What four characteristics are present in ALL cells? (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya)
DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
Useable energy is always being lost in the form of heat during every energy transfer. This describes the _____ Law of Thermodynamics
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Where does Oxidative Phosphorylation take place
Inner Mitochondrial membrane (mitochondria has double membrane)
Where do the Light Reactions occur
Thylakoid membrane
After ingesting a bacterial cell and digesting it with a lysosome, the cellular debris is exported out in a vesicle. What is this process called?
Exocytosis
All living organisms fall within the Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Bacteria and Archaea used to be grouped together in a single domain as Prokaryotes (Monera). What is the difference between Eukarya and Prokaryotes?
Nucleus and prescence of membrane-bound organelles