Nutrients pt.1
These are the 6 classes of nutrients essential for supporting cellular needs
What is water, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, minerals, and vitamins?
These bonds join amino acids together to form peptide chains in proteins
What are peptide bonds?
This is the wave-like movement of muscle constriction and relaxation
What is peristalsis?
This type of fermentation occurs in animals where microbial digestion happens in the hindgut, after the stomach
What is post-gastric fermentation?
This process of gene expression occurs inside the nucleus
What is transcription?
These are the 4 main ways animals lose water
What is urine, defecation, respiration, and perspiration?
Vertebrate animals use this process to break down cellulose, as they lack the enzymes to digest it themselves
What is microbial fermentation?
This portion of the stomach secrete gastric juices, such as mucus to protect the inner gastric mucosal wall
What is glandular?
This is a behavior where animals eat their own feces that are rich in microbial protein so that the animal can absorb extra nutrients
What is cecotrophy?
This phase of mitosis is when the sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell
What is anaphase?
This nutrient provides the most energy per gram
What is a lipid?
This lipid has a cis double bound that causes instability
What is an unsaturated fatty acid?
These cells in the gastric pits of the glandular mucosa produce pepsinogen
What are chief cells?
This is a key feature of the digestive system in carnivores due to their high-protein diet
What is a short digestive tract?
This is the process where cells acquire the ability to carry out functions for their role
What is differentiation?
These 2 monosaccharides link together to form lactose, which is commonly referred to as milk sugar
What is glucose and galactose?
This neurological disorder, caused by a copper deficiency, results in animals losing control of their hind limbs
What is swayback?
The plica and villi of the jejunum do this to the small intestine to slow passage rate and increase absorption
What is increase surface area?
This part of the ruminant stomach is where a majority of the microbes live and where fermentation occurs
What is the rumen?
The nucleotide structure consists of these 3 chemical components
What is a phosphate, deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar), and a nitrogen base?
These are the 5 factors that affect body water
What is age/body composition, genetics, environment temperature, feed quality and quantity, and physiological state?
These are the 3 consequences of water deprivation in animals, particularly in dairy cattle
What is dehydration, decreased feed intake, and decreased production?
These are the 5 roles of the digestive system
What is reduce feed size, release nutrients as their smallest units, eliminate waste, discriminate between nutritive and harmful substances, and movement of ingesta?
This is where fermentation occurs in chickens
What are the ceca?
These are the 3 principles of the modern cell theory
All living things are composed of cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living things, and all cells come from pre-existing cells?