Constitution & Confederation
Jeffersonian America
Madison, War of 1812, Era of Good Feelings, Westering, MO Crisis
Jacksonian America & 2nd Great Awakening
Slavery & Abolitionism
100

True or False:

Virginia recommended that the Constitution be amended to include a Declaration of Rights.

True!

Wanted to secure the unalienable rights of the people; right to a jury, speedy trial, protection from self-incrimination.

100

What was the significance of the Revolution of 1800?

It was an orderly transfer of government; John Adams to Jefferson, two opposing political parties. 

100

Describe James Madison.

Known as the "Father of Constitution", was the 4th President, and helped to write the federalist papers with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton; authored the first 10 amendments (the bill of rights) to compromise with the Anti-federalist.

100

What was Andrew Jackson's nickname?

King Andrew.

100

Define Chattel Slavery.

Slavery where people are treated as property, or chattel, and can be bought, sold, and owned forever

200

What is the difference between "Separation of Powers" and "Checks and Balances"?

Separation of Powers: The division of government authority into branches (Executive, Legislative, Judicial)each with its own set of responsibilities.

Checks and Balances: Each branch has the ability to limit or review the actions of the other branches, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful

200

How can you define Jeffersonian Republicanism?

While Jefferson championed the small, family farmer, he also believed that the best would rise to the upper echelons of power in society.

Deferential politics, A sort of “natural aristocracy” (meritocracy).These men would be the representatives of the People, with the Peoples’ interests foremost in their minds.

200

What were the main causes of the War of 1812?

British interference with American trade through Orders in Council, the practice of impressment where British sailors forcibly took American seamen from merchant ships, and the desire for westward expansion by the United States, often fueled by tensions with Native American tribes supported by the British.

200

Who were Andrew Jackson's two biggest opponents?

Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams.

200

How and why did slavery become so important in 1800s?

The rise of cotton production, which relied heavily on slave labor to cultivate large quantities of cotton that fueled the burgeoning textile industry both domestically and internationally.

This made slavery a vital part of the Southern economy, generating significant wealth for plantation owners and contributing to the region's prosperity, even as it resulted in immense human suffering for enslaved people.

300

Why was there debate over representation at the Constitutional Convention?

The debate over representation at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was contentious because large and small states had differing views on how representation should be determined:

Large states favored representation based on population, believing their larger populations deserved more of a voice. Small states argued for equal representation by state, fearing they would be ignored if representation was based on population.
300

How did Jefferson, a believer in strict constitutional interpretation and limited government, enlarged the scope of the Presidency?

He significantly expanded the scope of the Presidency primarily through the Louisiana Purchase, where he used executive power to acquire a vast territory without explicit constitutional authorization, effectively demonstrating a "loose construction" of the Constitution when it served national interests; this action set a precedent for future presidents to exercise broader powers in certain situations. 

300

What was the Missouri Crisis?

The crisis came to a head when Representative James Tallmadge of New York introduced an amendment to prohibit slavery in Missouri and emancipate enslaved children at age 25. The House approved the amendment, but the Senate defeated it.

300

What was the 2nd Great Awakening and why was it important?

A Protestant religious revival during the late 18th to early 19th century in the United States. It spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching and sparked a number of reform movements.

- Abolitionism

- Chautauqua Movement

- Transcendentalism

300

Describe the day-to-day life of a typical enslaved person.

- Minimal space, food, and clothing

- Treated poorly and often exploited and overworked

- Minimal freedom; marriages had to be sanctioned, free days had to be on holidays or earned, religion was pressed.

400

What are the 4 main compromises in this era?

Virginia Plan: Representation in legislature based strictly on population.

Small State Plan: States are equally represented.

Connecticut/Great Compromise: Established 2 Houses in Congress; Senate and House of Reps.

3/5th Compromise: Three-fifths of the enslaved population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.

400

Describe the Louisiana Purchase:

- Who, What, Where, and Why?

Who: Jefferson initiated, Lewis & Clark expedition set forth first.

What: Supported westward expansion, doubled the size of the US.

Where: The territory stretched from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian border.

Why: Napoleon Bonaparte, was losing interest in establishing a North American empire and needed funds to fight the British, so he directed his emissaries to offer not just New Orleans but all of the Louisiana Territory to the Americans.

400

What were the main results of the War of 1812?

No significant territorial changes between the US and Britain, a strengthened sense of American nationalism, the emergence of new American military heroes like Andrew Jackson, and a solidified border between the US and Canada, largely established by the Treaty of Ghent which ended the war.

400

Describe the Market Revolution.

The expansion of trade in agricultural products and

manufactured goods from local, to regional, to national, and ultimately, the world market. The country linked more closely even as it expanded. There were several internal improvements: New roads, canals, later, railroads.



400

Describe ways in which people resisted their enslavemen.

Revolts, Running Away, Petty Thievery and Sabotage, Underground Railroad.

500

What are the governmental concepts embodied in the Articles of Confederation?

Each state 1 vote, State legislatures appoint delegates, States held power to tax, States could keep western lands

Congress—unicameral, No executive branch, no judiciary, Declare war, Appoint military & navel officers, Post office, Foreign affairs, Coin money, Settle Indian disputes, Arbitrate disputes between states, Each state had right of veto.



500
Describe the major differences between Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
Those who supported the Constitution and a stronger national republic were known as Federalists. Those who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in favor of small localized government were known as Anti-Federalists.



500

Describe the term "Westering". Who migrated, why, and what did they encounter?

Who: People who lived East of the Appalachian Mountains moved westward.

Why: Wealth in the West, good land opportunities, less rigid class structure, lots of ambitions with no laws prohibiting them.

Encountered isolation, disease, etc.

500
Name the major crises of the Jackson era.

Indian Removal, Nullification Crisis, and Bank War.

500

Name and describe some of the best known slave revolts.

- NYC, 1725 30 SLAVES
-  STONO, SC, 1739 100 SLAVES
- GABRIEL’S REVOLT (1800)
- ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST PARISH, LA (1811)
- DENMARK VESEY CONSPIRACY (1822)
- NAT TURNER’S REBELLION (1831)
- JOHN BROWN (1859)

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