Respiratory Disorders
What are 3 risk factors for pneumonia?
IV drug use, air pollution, prolonged bed rest, smoking, residents of long term care facilities
pH – 7.5
pCO2 – 40
HCO3 – 30
metabolic alkalosis
What are the 3 reactions one can have when receiving a blood transfusion?
Allergic, Febrile, Hemolytic
Long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to this condition
Hyperglycemia
what are the normal levels for hgb, hct, wbc, and platelets?
hgb: 12 - 18
hct: 35 52
wbc: 5,000 - 10,000
platelets: 150,000 - 400,000
5mm
Doctor's orders says: "infuse 1500mL of Lactated Ringer's over 12hrs." Drip factor: 15 gtt/mL. Calculate the flow rate
125mL/ hr
31gtt/min
Severe Reactions happen within how many minutes of administering the blood….
15 minutes or 50cc.
This class of medications is commonly prescribed to help lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels
ACE inhibitors
This population is at higher risk for developing iron deficiency anemia due to increased iron needs and menstrual blood loss
women of childbearing age
what can patients with asthma do to prevent oral thrush?
good oral hygiene, rinse their mouth after use of inhalers
PH- 7.3
PaC02- 36
HCO3-14Metabolic Acidosis
What should be done first if a patient begins to show signs of a transfusion reaction?
Immediately stop the transfusion
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a patient who had eaten shellfish and is now wheezing. The nurse explains to the patient that the health care provider has prescribed a bronchodilator, which will have what action?
what diuretics are potassium wasting?
loop diuretics
thiazide diuretics
what are the 2 types of breathing retraining exercises you should teach to a patient with COPD?
Pursed-lip breathing
Diaphragmatic breathing
PH: 7.49
CO2:29
HCO3:25
Respiratory alkalosis without compensation
What supplies are needed to administer a unit of blood?
Y-tubing with an inline filter and 0.9% NaCl
What are side effects of Rifampin (Rifadin)?
Thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, anoxia, nausea, abdominal discomfort, and red discoloration of urine
A nursing student attending clinical on a medical-surgical unit receives report from the off-going nurse stating the patient has adventitious breath sounds that clear after expectorating sputum. Which adventitious breath sound will the student expect to auscultate?
A. Bronchial
B. Bronchovesicular
C. Vesicular
D. Wheezing
Wheezing
Patients are often advised to avoid this position to prevent atelectasis post-surgery
lying flat
A patient is ordered 30mg/kg of amoxicillin every 6 hours. What is the desired dose if the patient weighs 110 pounds?
1,500 mg
Nursing interventions for a hemolytic reaction
- Stop infusion immediately and keep vein open with normal saline
- notify health care team immediately
- Obtain blood samples from site
- Obtain first voided urine
- Send unit, tubing, and filter to the lab
What kind of confirmation do central venous access devices need after insertion and before use?
Radiographic confirmation
What action would the nurse take if phlebitis is indicated from an IV site?
- use phlebitis scale to assess and document
- discontinue infusion immediately and apply a warm compress to the site
- avoid further use of the vein and restart the infusion at a different vein.