Learning
Our ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others
What is observational / social learning?
Type of conditioning that involved reinforcement and punishment
What is operant conditioning?
Acquiring, through experience, new and relatively enduring information or behaviors
What is learning?
Your briefly activated but limited-capacity memory
What is short-term / working memory?
The three stages of the information-processing model of memory introduced by Atkinson and Shiffrin
What are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory?
A reward presented after a behavior that strengthens the response it follows
What is positive reinforcement?
The persistence of learning through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
What is memory?
The relatively permanent and limitless archive of the memory system
What is long-term memory?
A newer understanding of short-term memory
What is working memory?
The two types of associative learning
What are classical and operant conditioning?
A time-out that involves removing the children from their reinforcing surroundings
What is negative punishment (penalty)?
What are mnemonics?
Type of amnesia H.M. had which stopped him from forming new memories
What is anterograde amnesia?
Memories of personally experienced events?
What are episodic memories?
Type of behavior(s) children who witnessed adults acting aggressive with Bobo the clown imitated
What is aggressive behavior? (Modeled and non-modeled aggression)
Little Albert acquired a phobia of white rats via classical conditioning. Albert being afraid of other white animals demonstrates...
What is generalization?
Remembering to pick up a library book after work
What is prospective memory?
Memories that are classically conditioned associations or learned skills that are automatically processed
What are implicit memories?
The inability to form recall memories from the past
What is retrograde amnesia?
Witnessing someone receive a consequence and subsequently changing your own behavior
What is vicarious learning?
Explain how Pavlov used to classically condition his dogs.
Include the NS, US, UR, CS and CR.
NS - Sound of a bell
US - Food -> UR - Salivation
NS (Bell) + US (Food) -> UR (Salivation)
CS (Bell) -> CR (Salivation)
In a situation in which an interviewer is asking an interviewee to recall specific details of an event, something that could alter the interviewee’s recollections
The wording of the question, the misinformation effect, the imagination effect... Memories are inexact
The two types of explicit memories
What are episodic and semantic memories?
The process in which memories registered in the hippocampus are transferred for long-term storage to other regions of the brain
What is memory consolidation?