Electrical and Chemical Synapse
the junction where action potentials transfer between neurons
What is a Synapse
The difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems
Somatic controls voluntary movements and autonomic controls involuntary functions
Sensory system is responsible for our sense of smell? (Olfactory System)
Olfactory system
What structure in the ear is responsible for detecting sound vibration
(Tympanic Membrane or Eardrum)
What are the three main layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
the two types of synapses
What are Electrical and Chemical Synapses
division of the ANS is responsible for the "fight or flight" response
What is the sympathetic nervous system
The five primary taste sensations
sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami
What is the function of the cochlea in hearing?
Converts sound waves into electrical signals for the brain
Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for mitosis?
Stratum Basale
structures that allow electrical synapses to transmit signals
What are Gap Junctions
Two Neurotransmitters are used by the autonomic nervous system?
Acetylcholine and epinephrine
Structure in the eye contains photoreceptors
Retina
How does the vestibular system detect changes in head position?
Hair cells in the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals detect motion
How do melanocytes contribute to skin color?
produce melanin which determine skin pigmentation
neurotransmitters facilitation of signal transmission in chemical synapses
what are neurotransmitters binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, triggering an action potential or inhibitory response
The autonomic nervous system helps regulate blood pressure
sympathetic increases heart rate and vasoconstriction; parasympathetic slows heart rate
The neuronal pathways involved in olfaction?
olfactory neurons, olfactory bulb, olfactory cortex in frontal lobe
What is the role of the semicircular canals in balance?
detect rotational movements of the head
What is the role of touch receptors in sensation and perception?
detect mechanical stimuli and send sensory information to the brain
The role of presynaptic inhibition and facilitation in neural signaling
Presynaptic inhibition decreases neurotransmitter release, while facilitation increases it.
Happens when the autonomic nervous system regulates homeostasis during exercise?
Heart rate and breathing increase, blood is redirected to muscles, and sweat glands activate
How do the visual and gustatory systems work together in perception?
Vision enhances taste perception, and both contribute to the overall sensory experience of food
How do hair cells in the ear contribute to both hearing and equilibrium?
They transduce mechanical signals into nerve impulses in both the cochlea and vestibular system
How does aging affect the integumentary system?
Skin becomes thinner, loses elasticity, and produces less oil, leading to wrinkles and dryness