Psychological
Bias
Bias
A type of bias involves participants responding in a way they believe is socially acceptable or desirable
What is Social desirability bias?
The scientist who studied classical conditioning.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
What we use to perceive information in our environment.
What are senses?
When something is taken away in the context of reinforcement or punishment.
What is negative reinforcement/punishment?
The mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information based on their past experiences and knowledge.
Schema
Conditioning that happens when learning from actions and consequences.
What is operant conditioning?
Detecting and encoding environmental energy into neural signals.
What is sensation?
Every time Sarah gets a good grade on her math tests, her parents give her $10. This is an example of _____.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
Dave confidently says “I knew that the team would win the championship! It was so obvious!” However, Dave had previously expressed doubts about the team’s chances. Dave is experiencing ______ bias.
What is hindsight bias?
The conditioned stimulus in Pavlov's dog experiment.
What is the bell?
The type of perception is most directly associated with the tendency to obey orders, even when one believes that doing so would violate core moral values.
What is perception of authority?
Car manufacturers added a loud beeping noise to encourage drivers to wear their seatbelts. This loud beep is an example of _____.
What is Negative Reinforcement?
Samantha strongly believes in the effectiveness of a new diet she’s been using for the past few months. Despite all of the research that shows all of the dangers of this diet, she continues to do it. When a friend shows her some research about some of the risks associated with this diet, Samantha dismisses them as unreliable. She continues to only focus on positive testimonials, reinforcing her beliefs about this diet. Samantha exhibiting _____ bias in this scenario.
What is confirmation bias?
Learning that happens when someone is reinforced for performing a task, and afterward they feel motivated to perform that task again.
What is operant conditioning?
Perception of color, depth, and taste can all be influenced by this factor.
What is cultural influence on perception?
When Jordan gets in trouble at school, his parents take his phone away. This is an example of ______.
What is negative punishment?
While trying to fix a broken chair leg, Jack has a variety of tools including duct tape and screws. Jack struggles to fix the chair. He only considers using the screws to reattach the broken chair leg, overlooking the duct tape. Jack is demonstrating _____.
What is Functional fixedness?
In the acquisition phase of classical conditioning, this factor is crucial for conditioned stimulus to trigger a conditioned response.
What is timing?
Something that enhances depth perception.
What are monocular cues?
When Tim talks back to his parents, they give him more chores to complete. This is an example of _____.
What is positive punishment?