Ch 6:Social and Emotional Development in Infancy
Emotions involve:
A) physiological reactions.
B) cognitive evaluations.
C) both physiological reactions and cognitive evaluations.
D) neither physiological reactions nor cognitive evaluations.
C) both physiological reactions and cognitive evaluations.
Children's remarkable ability to use language is due primarily to:
A) specialized biological structures and systems.
B) participation in language-using communities.
C) both biological and environmental factors.
D) caregivers' efforts to teach children language skills.
C) both biological and environmental factors.
What is the cognitive ability to pull away from focusing on just one feature of an object in order to consider multiple features?
A) centration
B) decentration
C) objectivity
D) egocentrism
B) decentration
Children whose moral behavior is motivated by their own consideration of right and wrong are said to exhibit:
A) Heteronomous morality
B) Ego-dependent morality
C) Autonomous Morality.
D) Moral Conventions.
C) Autonomous Morality
Steal!- Points earned come from a different team
Research has shown that infants less than 1-hour-old will imitate certain facial actions of others. This behavior is explained as due, in part, to ____________. (But, Prof. Hwang said this finding is not replicated and we shouldn't put too much stock in it!)
A) mirror neurons
B) early learning abilities
C) an emerging sense of self
D) deliberate attempts to establish social connections
A) mirror neurons
Researchers use the "still-face" method to explore:
A) whether newborns can identify their mothers when shown a set of pictures of adult women.
B) the impact of infant facial expression on mothers' motivation to interact with them.
C) how babies react to people who fail to respond to them in normally synchronous ways.
D) how long babies will look at a stimulus before becoming bored.
C) how babies react to people who fail to respond to them in normally synchronous ways.
Jennifer is a child who uses "home sign" because her parents are hearing. If she doesn't get sign language, she will fail to:
A) communicate.
B) embed sentences.
C) make two- and three-word utterances.
D) master complex grammatical distinctions.
D) master complex grammatical distinctions.
Piaget used the term "preoperational" to describe children between the ages of 3 and 5 because they do not yet have the ability to:
A) learn language.
B) understand simple commands.
C) operate simple machines, such as staplers.
D) combine, separate, and transform information mentally.
D) combine, separate, and transform information mentally.
Cognitive structures that guide the ways children interpret gender-relevant information are called:
A) gender stereotypes.
B) gender roles.
C) gender schemas.
D) gender plans.
C) gender schemas.
Double points!
Modularity theorists see change as coming from:
A) factors inside the child.
B) factors outside the child.
C) the interactions of culture and biology.
D) the interactions of schemas and the environment.
A) factors inside the child.
Primary intersubjectivity is defined as:
A) the repetition of actions that are pleasurable in and of themselves.
B) the recognition and sharing of interactions itself as the focus between caregivers and infants
C) the adaptation of an emotion in response to external stimulation.
D) a shared attention of infant and caregiver to a physical object in the environment.
B) the recognition and sharing of interactions itself as the focus between caregivers and infants.
The basic unit of meaning in language is called a:
A) noun.
B) word.
C) phoneme.
D) morpheme.
D) morpheme.
A father pours a glass of juice for his daughter, Iona. Iona wants more, so the father pours the juice from a short, fat glass into a tall, thin one. Iona is now happy to have gotten more. The daughter:
A) is able to reason abstractly.
B) focuses on a single attribute of the situation.
C) understands that properties of an object stay the same even though it may look different.
D) can successfully reverse the pouring action in her mind.
B) focuses on a single attribute of the situation.
At dinner, James talks with his mouth full of food and reaches across the table to grab the salt. These are examples of his inattention to:
A) moral rules.
B) social conventions.
C) personal rules.
D) display rules.
B) social conventions.
Bonus! 2-choice elimination for a future question
From Ainsworth's different attachment styles, which one seems to show the most effect across generations?
A) Secure attachment.
B) Avoidant attachment
C) Resistant attachment
D) Disorganized attachment.
D) Disorganized attachment.
Newborn monkeys who were removed from their mothers and placed in cages with two inanimate "substitute" mothers exhibited which of the following behaviors?
A) avoidance of both "mothers"
B) a preference for the terry cloth "mother" over the wire "mother"
C) a preference for the wire "mother" over the terry cloth "mother"
D) a distinct preference for whichever "mother" was equipped to provide milk
B) a preference for the terry cloth "mother" over the wire "mother"
Little Brandon is talking to himself about what he needs to do in order to brush his teeth by himself. What is this called?
A) collective monologue
B) true dialogue
C) inner speech
D) language acquisition
C) inner speech
According to Piaget, the stage in which children cannot decenter their thinking or think through the consequences of an action is known as the:
A) sensorimotor stage.
B) preoperational stage.
C) concrete operational stage.
D) formal operational stage.
B) preoperational stage.
Allocaregiving is a term used to refer to child care:
A) provided by parents.
B) provided by relatives other than the parents.
C) provided by trained professionals.
D) that includes both punishment and warmth.
B) provided by relatives other than the parents.
Bonus!
Halloween is likely to be frightening to 3-year-olds because:
A) most 3-year-olds are afraid of the dark.
B) at that age, many children are afraid of strangers.
C) a child that age has difficulty distinguishing appearance from reality.
D) a 3-year-old is likely to believe that a mask can transform whatever it is covering.
C) a child that age has difficulty distinguishing appearance from reality.
+200 points
According to Bowlby, infants achieve a firm, reciprocal emotional relationship with caregivers, and this relationship helps the infant cope with increasing frequent and lengthy separations. Because of infants' growing symbolic capacities, parent-child attachments begin to serve as ____________ that can guide their interactions with caregivers and others.
A) positive reinforcement
B) an early from of induction
C) an internal working model
D) a tertiary circular reaction
C) an internal working model
What contribution do studies of deaf children born to hearing parents make to our understanding of the language acquisition process?
A) They prove that it is sufficient to be raised in an environment there are human interactions even if they don't get language input in the right modality.
B) If the parents do not use sign language, deaf children will not even develop home signs.
C) They point to the importance of active participation of the child in language-mediated activity and community to develop more sophisticated language skills.
D) Hearing is essential to acquiring language.
C) They point to the importance of active participation of the child in language-mediated activity and community to develop more sophisticated language skills.
According to Piaget, mental operations are:
A) the tendency to focus on the most salient aspect of whatever one is trying to think about.
B) mental "actions" in which information can be combined, separated, and transformed in a logical manner.
C) a confusion between appearance and reality.
D) schemas that specify who participates in an event and the sequence of actions that make up the event.
B) mental "actions" in which information can be combined, separated, and transformed in a logical manner.
Children living in poor neighborhoods in the United States:
A) are more likely to be exposed to environmental toxins shown to harm cognitive development.
B) have more financial resources in the school they attend due to the greater need of the students in the school.
C) have equal access to quality education.
D) are more likely to have experienced teachers at their school.
A) are more likely to be exposed to environmental toxins shown to harm cognitive development.
Use notes for a future question
Across the world, studies have shown that parents who live close to subsistence levels adopt controlling parenting patterns for economic and safety reasons. This is support for what basic concept from the text?
A) Authoritative patterns of parenting are key to children's development and adjustment.
B) Poverty has many direct effects on the development of children.
C) Autonomy and independence are essential social competencies.
D) To fully explain developmental outcomes, there is a need to examine development and parenting practices within a broad developmental niche
D) To fully explain developmental outcomes, there is a need to examine development and parenting practices within a broad developmental niche