GU Anatomy
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What is the first step in urine formation?
Filtration of plasma by the glomerulus
What diagnostic test uses radiopaque dye to assess arterial supply to the kidneys?
Renal angiography
What type of incontinence occurs during activities like coughing or sneezing?
Stress incontinence
What medication turns urine reddish-orange?
Pyridium
Name the structure that surrounds the glomerulus.
Bowman's capsule
Name one example of nitrogenous waste found in urine.
Urea, uric acid, creatinine, and ammonia.
What is the purpose of a KUB x-ray?
Detects calculi, cysts, or tumors
What is the term for urine output less than 50 mL/day?
Anuria
What juice prevents bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall?
Cranberry juice
What is the primary structure of the urinary bladder?
Storage of urine
What is abnormal if found in urine?
Blood, ketones, leukocytes, protein, glucose, and pyuria (a large amount of WBCs)
What is the intervention after a renal angiography?
Monitor for iodine allergy, pulse assessment of legs/feet
What is the first sign of a UTI in elderly patients?
Confusion
What procedure uses shock waves to shatter kidney stones?
Lithotripsy
Most frequent body structure cause of UTI’s in females and why?
The urethra because it is only approximately 2 inches in length bacteria has a short way to travel into the bladder.
What happens to urine specific gravity when a patient is dehydrated?
It will be high
What must be done before starting antibiotics for a urine culture?
Collect the specimen
How do you help a male patient with urinary retention void?
Assist the patient to a standing position.
What type of renal failure is rapid, abrupt, and reversible?
Acute renal failure
List the structures of the GU system in order.
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
What is a consideration for the aging populations kidney function?
The filtering mechanism is most affected with aging. By the age of 70, the filtering mechanism is only 50% as efficient as at 40 years of age.
What is the nurse's priority assessment for a patient post intravenous pyelography?
Monitor for fever, rash, and difficulty breathing.
You've started peritoneal dialysis, what about the effluent would cause the nurse concern?
The effluent being opaque, the nurse should notify the provider and send a specimen to the lab.
Why would the nurse use the male icon on a bladder scanner for a female patient?
The patient has had a hysterectomy.