Sleep
According to this theory, when we sleep is a product of evolution.
What is adaptive theory?
The need to take a drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms and maintain bodily function.
What is physical dependence?
What are rods?
Rewarding successive steps toward a target behavior.
What is shaping?
This brain region integrates sensory information and may play a role in consciousness.
What is the claustrum?
The stage of sleep that makes up about 50% of infants' sleep.
What is REM sleep?
The most widely used drug in the world, belonging to the stimulant class.
What is caffeine?
The retina's main function is to convert light energy into neural messages.
What is transduction?
Receiving a paycheck every week is an example of this reinforcement schedule.
What is a fixed interval schedule?
This researcher believed dreams reflect life events important to the dreamer.
Who is Rosalind Cartwright?
This theory suggests dreams let ups fulfill unrealistic wishes or desires.
What is the wish fulfillment theory?
A sleep disorder where people may kick or punch while dreaming.
What is REM sleep behavior disorder?
According to the Young-Helmholtz theory, color vision comes from three receptors sensitive to these colors.
What are red, green, and blue?
Slot machines use this reinforcement schedule, making them highly addictive.
What is a variable ratio schedule?
States of awareness that differ from normal waking consciousness.
What are altered states of consciousness?
This hypothesis says dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of random signals from the brain stem.
What is the activation-synthesis hypothesis?
Episodes of intense fear or screaming during sleep, often with no memory afterward.
What is a night terror?
This area of the retina where the optic nerve exits and no photoreceptors are present.
What is the blind spot?
Training a dog to perform a series of tricks by reinforcing each step.
What is shaping?
According to class discussion, the simplest explanation for why we sleep.
What is because we get sleepy?
This theory suggests that sleep restores both physical health and mental functioning.
What is the restorative theory?
These screen settings promote sleep by blocking blue light that suppresses melatonin.
What are night modes?
When objects are placed close together, we tend to perceive them as part of the same group.
What is proximity?
Learning that occurs by watching and imitating others.
What is observational learning?
The difference between weekday and weekend wake-up times measures this phenomenon.
What is social jetlag?