Xylem & Phloem
What is another name for vascular plants?
Tracheophytes
Define seed.
Mature fertilized ovule
This root system has both a primary root and branch roots. Is it seen in monocots or dicots?
Taproot; dicot
True or False: Among the plant parts we discussed today, only the stem is capable of reproducing (asexually).
False; seed is a reproductive part
Transpiration is the loss of water leaves through by evaporation, which helps pull water and nutrients upward and regulate plant temperature.
True or False: Phloem aids in transpiration.
False; xylem
In most seeds, which part of a plant embryo is the first to emerge during germination?
radicle (primary root)
Which of the 4 root zones has highest absorption capacity and largest vacuoles?
Zone of elongation
Why is there no secondary growth in monocots?
No continuous vascular cambium
What is leaf venation and explain the difference in monocots and dicots.
Leaf venation is the pattern of veins in a leaf; monocots have parallel venation, while dicots have branched (web-like) venation.
What is xylem?
Complex permanent tissue made mostly of dead cells that transports water and minerals one way—from roots to leaves.
What is the main difference between monocot and dicot seed?
Number of cotyldeons.
What are adventitious roots and where can they originate?
Roots that develop from any part of the plant other than the radicle. (stems, leaves, old roots)
Name one similarity and difference between Rhizomes & Stolons.
Both are lateral, jointed modified stems that originate from crown, but rhizomes travel below ground & stolons travel above ground
What are stomates?
Tiny openings on surfaces of leaves and stems that allow gas exchange—they let carbon dioxide in and oxygen and water vapor out.
What is phloem?
Complex permanent tissue that transports food (mainly sugars) from the leaves to other parts of the plant. It consists mostly of living cells and allows two-way transport.
What 2 seed parts does a monocot (corn) that a dicot (bean) does not?
Endosperm and Coleoptile
What is the Casparian strip? Where is it located & why is it important?
Waxy apoplastic barrier located in the endodermis that forces water and minerals to enter the symplastic pathway.
What's the difference between the node and crown and where are they located on the stem?
A node is a point on the stem where leaves or buds grow, while the crown is the part of the plant at the base where the stem meets the roots.
What 2 types of leaf cells contain chlorophyll?
Palisade & Spongy Mesophyll
Which 2 types of simple permanent tissues are found in both xylem and phloem?
Parenchyma cells and Sclerenchyma fibers
What are the 3 stages of seed germination in order?
Imbibition (water uptake, increasing in size). Increase in biological (Enzyme and respiration) activity. Root and shoot emergence.
Label Epidermis, Cortex, Endodermis, and Xylem & Phloem in a monocot and dicot root cell. Describe function of each
Epidermis - protective barrier. Cortex - Made up of parenchyma cells for storage. Endodermis - Innermost layer of cortex that acts as selective barrier for regulation of water and nutrients. Xylem - transports water and mineral upward. Phloem - transports food to rest of plant
Secondary xylem and secondary phloem are produced by what tissue? On what side of that tissue is the xylem formed and on what side is phloem formed?
Produced by vascular cambium in woody dicots. Xylem forms on the inside toward center, while phloem forms on outside toward bark.
Name all 7 modified leaves and 1 characteristic.
Big Friendly Snakes Slither Slowly Through Chambliss
Bud Scale - Protects dormant apical bud (woody Plants)
Floral bracts - Mistaken for petals, protect inflorescence during development, attracts pollinators
Sepals - protects flower during development, typically green, under petals
Spines in cacti - Adapted for arid conditions, protection, & reduces water loss
Succulent leaves - Storage of water in leaves
Tendrils - Climbing & supporting vines
Cotyledon - (seed leaf) stores food reserves