Amino Acids and Proteins
The building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids?
The central dogma states that information flows from DNA to RNA to this.
What is a protein?
This theory states that all living things are made of cells and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
What is a cell theory?
This molecule is the cell’s main energy currency.
What is ATP?
The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds.
What is the active site?
The bond connects one amino acid to another in a protein chain.
What is a peptide bond?
This organelle is the site of protein synthesis.
What is a ribosome?
Fats with no double bonds between carbons are called this.
What are saturated fats?
Energy that is stored and available to do work is called this.
What is potential energy?
Enzymes lower this type of energy required for a reaction to occur.
What is activation energy?
This level of protein structure refers to the sequence of amino acids.
What is a primary structure?
This molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What is tRNA?
This property determines how easily substances cross the cell membrane.
What is permeability?
The law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The specific shape of an enzyme is crucial because of this model of interaction.
What is the lock-and-key (or induced fit) model?
This category of amino acids has side chains that do not interact with water.
What are nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids?
Each group of three mRNA bases that codes for an amino acid is called this.
What is a codon?
This process is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
Reactions that build molecules are called this, while those that break them down are this.
What are the anabolic and catabolic reactions?
This type of molecule binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.
What is an inhibitor?
This structure level forms when multiple polypeptides come together to make one functional protein.
What is the quaternary structure?
The three stages of translation are initiation, elongation, and this.
What is termination?
This system includes the ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles.
What is the endomembrane system?
These biological catalysts speed up chemical reactions without being used up.
What are the enzymes?
This type of enzyme regulation uses a product to inhibit an earlier step in its pathway.
What is feedback inhibition?