Lipids
This common form of lipids helps cells communicate.
What are hormones or steroids?
Proteins are polymers made of what monomers?
What are amino acids?
The main structural difference between RNA and DNA.
What is single vs. double helix, or sugar type.
Water is made of what two elements?
What are hydrogen and oxygen?
What is the main component of cell membranes that forms a bilayer?
What are phospholipids?
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
What is to make ATP energy?
Cholesterol helps do what for cell membranes?
What is the increase in stability (stiffness) of membranes?
What type of bond links amino acids together in proteins?
What is a peptide bond?
What are the monomers of nucleic acids called?
What are nucleotides?
What pH value is considered neutral?
What is 7?
What does “selectively permeable” mean for membranes?
What is that some molecules can pass through while others cannot?
How many ATP are typically made from one glucose molecule?
What is about ~36 ATP?
What are the two main differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
What are that saturated fatty acids are straight and solid at room temp, while unsaturated are bent/kinked and liquid (oils)?
What happens to a protein that loses its shape from heat or pH changes?
What is denaturation?
Which nucleic acid is most stable and stores genetic information?
What is DNA?
What is the pH of healthy human blood plasma?
What is about 7.4?
What type of transport does not require energy?
What is passive transport?
Name the three main steps of cellular respiration.
What are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the ATP synthesis?
What type of lipid has two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol?
What is a phospholipid?
What is the function of enzymes in cells?
What is to speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions by lowering activation energy?
Which nucleic acid is made during transcription?
What is RNA (specifically mRNA)?
What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion?
What is cohesion is water sticking to itself, adhesion is water sticking to other surfaces?
What are channel proteins used for?
What is to allow specific molecules or ions to pass through membranes?
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
What is the cytoplasm?
Why are unsaturated fats generally considered healthier in the diet?
What is because they improve heart health and reduce cholesterol buildup, unlike saturated fats?
Name two ways an enzyme can be denatured.
What are heat and pH?
What are the three major types of RNA used in translation?
What are mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?
How does pH affect enzyme activity?
What is that extreme pH values can denature enzymes and reduce their activity?
How do molecules move during simple diffusion?
What is from high concentration to low concentration, without energy?
What step of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
What is the chemiosmosis?
What are hydrogenated oils, and why are they considered less healthy?
What are oils with artificially added hydrogen to remove double bonds, making them more solid and less healthy (trans fats)?
What is the active site of an enzyme?
What is the region where substrates bind and reactions occur?
Describe the relationship between DNA, RNA, and proteins.
What is that DNA encodes RNA through transcription, and RNA directs protein synthesis through translation?
What is a buffer?
What is a system that maintains stable pH?
How does the sodium-potassium pump maintain ion balance in animal cells?
What is by pumping 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in using ATP?
Why is cellular respiration considered a metabolic pathway?
What is because it’s a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that convert energy step by step?