Cirrhosis
What are the major causes of cirrhosis
Alcohol
Long- term NSAID use
Hep c
What is peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum.
What labs are elevated within 24 hours of onset
Serum lipase & amylase
What is the prognosis for pancreatic cancer
poor prognosis
Medication you give for hepatic encephalopathy
Lactulose
Common cause of portal hypertension
Liver cirrhosis
What do you instruct to the patient if a upper endoscopy is scheduled?
NPO after midnight
Ask about dentures
Confirm consent
What does a patients stool look like with chronic pancreatitis?
Large, foul smelling stools with high fat content (steatorrhea)
RF for oral cancer
any form of tobacco
excessive alcohol use
infection with HPV
What do H2 receptors do?
Decrease acid secretion
What should you teach a patient with cirrhosis
STOP all alcohol
CM of duodenal ulcers
Pain 2- 3 hours of eating
Back pain
abdominal pain relieved by food
Pain on waking at night
"Burning or cramping like" pain
Nursing management for severe diverticulitis
IV fluids
IV antibiotics
Give pain meds
Assess s/s of peritonitis
CM of esophageal cancer
Late onset
progressive dysphagia
pain on swallowing- develops late
weight loss/ regurgitation of esophageal contents
persistent hiccups
halitosis
What does lactulose do?
creates an acidic environment in the colon that neutralizes ammonia
Helps eliminate ammonia from the body
Interventions for ascites
low sodium diet & fluid restrictions
diuretics
I&O
daily weights
Interventions for dumping syndrome
no fluid with meals
avoid concentrated sweets
What are the causes of acute pancreatitis?
Gall stones blocking the common bile duct / obstructs the flow of pancreatic juices or refulx of bile
Bacterial infection
viral infection
Blunt trauma
ETOH & smoking
Medications
Surgical treatment for pancreatic cancer
whipple or total pancreatectomy
What medication do you give for portal hypertension and ascites?
Diuretics
CM of compensated cirrhosis.
Abdominal pain, ankle edema, vascular spiders, vague morning indigestion, firm enlarged liver, unexplained epistaxis, and intermittent mild fever.
Report bloody emesis or black stools
CM of acute pancreatitis
severe acute abdominal pain (24-48 hours after heavy meal or alcohol)
acutely ill
back pain
abdominal distention
decrease peristalsis
N&V
Teaching for someone with colorectal cancer getting a colonoscopy
NPO after midnight
finish all polyethylene glycol solution
follow low residual or clear liquids 1-2 days before procedure
What does octreotide do?
reduces bleeding by decreasing visceral or splanchnic blood flow.