Digestion and Absorption
Majority of absorption occurs in the...
Small Intestine
Give me two sources of trans-fat
Deep-fried foods, baked goods, anything made with partially hydrogenated oil
Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
The mouth
Phospholipids have a ________ head and a _______ tail.
Hydrophilic head (water loving), hydrophobic tail (water fearing).
T/F Protein is our main form of energy while at rest
FALSEEEEEEEE - what is the correct answer?
Once nutrients are digested, they can be absorbed into the body through two primary routes, what are they?
Directly into the bloodstream or the lymphatic system
Tell me three good sources of lean protein - what is the trick?
Turkey, chicken, salmon - the less legs the better!
What is the ultimate goal of carbohydrate digestion?
To break carbs into monosaccharides, especially glucose, for absorption into the bloodstream
What class of lipids are not absorbed directly into the bloodstream?
LCFA
What is the role of HDL?
To pick up cholesterol from from body tissues and return it to the liver
What are the structures that help regulate the rate at which food moves from one section of the GI tract to the next?
Sphincter
Do essential fatty acids need to be supplied by the diet?
YES!
Glucagon responds to low blood glucose and helps to raise it. Insulin responds to high blood glucose, and helps to lower it.
What can you replace saturated fat with to improve your health?
MUFAs and PUFAs
Define Denaturation, give an example of how this can happen?
Unfolding/Destruction of proteins shape and function
Enzymes, heat, acid
What are the three accessory organs?
Pancreas, liver, gallbladder
Tell me two good sources of dietary fat
olive oil, avocado oil, peanut butter...
How does soluble fiber help lower blood cholesterol?
Soluble fiber binds to bile, instead of being recycled, bile is excreted. The liver must pull cholesterol from the blood to make more bile, LDL cholesterol decreases
Pancreatic lipase breaks triglycerides down into...
Glycerol and fatty acids
What are the bonds that hold amino acid chains together?
Peptide bonds
What are the 3 classes of enzymes?
Lipases, Amylases, Proteases
How can we know if something is a good dietary source of carbohydrates?
WHOLE WHEAT!
glucose + glucose = ________
glucose + galactose = _______
glucose + fructose = ________
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
Tell me the difference between the structure Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids? How does that affect them?
Saturated: straighter chains, no double bonds, can pack tightly, SOLID at room temp
Unsaturated: Kinked chains, may have double bonds, can NOT pack tightly, LIQUID at room temp
ALL 9 essential amino acids in adequate amounts