Ch 5
This brain structure connects the left and right hemispheres and strengthens during early childhood.
What is the corpus callosum?
Type of Play in which children act out roles like “teacher” or “superhero,” creating shared storylines.
What is sociodramatic play?
During middle childhood, children grow approximately this much per year.
What is about 2 inches and 5 pounds?
Erikson described middle childhood as the stage of this versus inferiority.
What is industry?
When children focus on one noticeable feature of a situation while ignoring others, they are demonstrating this preoperational limitation.
What is centration?
This neural process speeds up communication between brain cells, improving thinking efficiency.
What is myelination?
Parenting that is strict, highly controlling, and low in warmth is called this.
What is authoritarian parenting?
The ability to focus on relevant information while ignoring distractions improves due to growth in this cognitive skill.
What is selective attention?
Evaluating oneself based on peers’ performance reflects this developmental shift.
What is social comparison?
This type of play looks aggressive but includes laughter, role-switching, and no intent to harm.
What is rough-and-tumble play?
This term describes rapid and sometimes imprecise word learning after hearing a word only once.
What is fast-mapping?
Aggression that is impulsive and occurs in response to perceived provocation.
What is reactive aggression?
nstruction that provides hints and temporary support for tasks just beyond a child’s ability reflects this concept.
What is scaffolding?
Adapting successfully despite significant adversity reflects this dynamic process.
What is resilience?
The type of memory that holds instructions
What is working memory?
When a child applies grammar rules to irregular words (like saying “foots”), they are demonstrating this.
What is overregularization?
Discipline that involves explaining why a behavior is wrong and encouraging empathy uses this strategy.
What is induction?
Unwritten lessons about behavior, expectations, and social norms in school are known as this.
What is the hidden curriculum?
This model proposes that economic hardship affects children through increased parental stress and disrupted caregiving.
What is the family-stress model?
Children who are socially dominant and often avoid adult detection while targeting peers fit this peer-status pattern.
What is a bully?
When children rigidly stick to one problem-solving strategy even when it is not working, it reflects weaknesses in this self-regulatory system.
What is inhibitory control / cognitive flexibility?
Prevention efforts that change environmental conditions before harm occurs fall under this level of prevention.
What is primary prevention?
A learning difficulty that affects one academic area despite otherwise typical intelligence is called this.
What is a learning disorder?
Reasoning that focuses on laws and maintaining social order reflects this level of moral development.
What is the conventional level?
When daily stressors accumulate and gradually wear down a child’s adjustment, this research finding explains the negative outcome
What is cumulative stress?