Airway & Ventilation
This structure modifies crude sounds into intelligible speech.
Structures found in the oral cavity
These grapelike clusters are the primary site of gas exchange.
Alveolar sacs
The outermost protective connective tissue layer of the kidney.
Renal capsule
This hormone increases water reabsorption when blood volume is low.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The physiological process that moves nutrients from outside to inside the body.
Absorption
When intrapulmonary pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, this process occurs.
Inhalation (Inspiration)
Each hemoglobin molecule can carry this many oxygen molecules.
Four
The transition from afferent arteriole to efferent arteriole occurs here.
Glomerulus
A drop in blood pressure stimulates the release of this enzyme from the kidney.
Renin
Carbohydrate digestion begins here.
Mouth
The primary muscle responsible for pulmonary ventilation. Contracting this muscle increases thoracic cavity volume and decreases pressure.
Diaphragm
This portion of tidal volume does not participate in gas exchange.
Dead space (conducting zone air)
In a healthy kidney, very few of these large molecules are filtered.
Proteins
This hormone acts primarily on the distal convoluted tubule to regulate sodium.
Aldosterone
This organ stores excess glucose and releases it later.
Liver
An obstruction of a main bronchus would prevent fresh air from reaching these smaller airways.
Bronchioles
This brainstem region serves as the pacemaker of respiration.
Ventral respiratory group (VRG)
Correct order of filtrate flow after the renal corpuscle.
Renal corpuscle → PCT → nephron loop → DCT → collecting duct
When blood volume is too high, release of this hormone is inhibited.
ADH
This structure increases surface area in the small intestine along with villi and microvilli.
Circular folds (plicae circulares)
During marathon running, oxygen dissociation at the muscles should do this.
Increase
Increasing the thickness of the respiratory membrane has this effect on gas exchange.
Slows down (decreases) gas exchange
This segment of the nephron is impermeable to water (thick ascending limb concept).
Thick ascending limb of the nephron loop
This system regulates blood pressure through renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone.
Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS)
Of bile components, this one has digestive function.
Bile salts