Having a gland ol'time!
What hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Insulin
D. Epinephrine
What blood vessel brings blood into the glomerulus?
A. Peritubular capillaries
B. Efferent arteriole
C. Vasa recta
D. Afferent arteriole
D. Afferent arteriole
Urine is forced along the length of the ureter by peristaltic waves.
true or false
True
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) is typically caused by:
A. Underactive gallbladder
B. A weak lower esophageal sphincter
C. Excess bile production
D. A viral infection in the stomach
B. A weak lower esophageal sphincter
Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with hepatitis infections?
A. Persistent dry cough
B. Yellowing of the skin and eyes
C. Severe joint deformity
D. Frequent nosebleeds
B. Yellowing of the skin and eyes
Which gland is considered the “master gland” of the endocrine system?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Pancreas
C. Pituitary Gland
What is a function of the kidneys?
A. regulation of blood-glucose levels
B. Filtration of urea from blood
C. Digestion of chemicals
D. excretion of carbon dioxide
B. Filtration of urea from blood
Which of the following is the last structure urine would pass while exiting the body?
A. Glomerulus
B. Urinary Bladder
c. Ureter
D. UrethraD. Urethra
Which part of the digestive tract is responsible for the majority of water absorption?
A. Esophagus
B. Stomach
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
D. Large intestine
A patient with gallstones may experience pain after eating foods high in:
A. Fiber
B. Sugar
C. Fat
D. Protein
C. Fat
Type 1 Diabetes is best described as:
A. Insulin resistance in cells
B. A result of poor diet and inactivity
C. An autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
D. Temporary insulin intolerance
C. An autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Uric Acid results from the metabolism of nucleic acids.
True or False
True
Which is an abnormal constituent of urine?
A. Glucose
B. Urea
C. Creatinine
D. Uric Acid
Which of the following organs is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?
A. Stomach
B. Liver
C. Small intestine
D. Large intestine
C. Small intestine
Hypothyroidism is most commonly associated with which symptom?
A. Rapid heartbeat
B. Weight loss
C. Heat intolerance
D. Fatigue and weight gain
D. Fatigue & weight gain
The adrenal glands produce which hormone in response to stress?
A. Estrogen
B. Oxytocin
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine
C. Cortisol
Which of the following laboratory findings is most commonly associated with worsening kidney function?
A. Decreased serum creatinine
B. Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
C. Decreased potassium level
D. Increased hemoglobin level
B. Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Why is cystitis more common in females than in males?
A. The female bladder is larger
B. The female urethra is shorter
C. The female bladder wall is thinner
D. The female bladder is less resistant to infections
B. The female urethra is shorter
What is the role of bile in digestion?
A. Breaks down protein
B. Neutralizes stomach acid
C. Emulsifies fats
D. Absorbs carbohydrates
C. Emulsifies fats
Excess production of growth hormone during adulthood most commonly leads to which of the following conditions?
A. Gigantism
B. Acromegaly
C. Addison’s Disease
D. Hyperthryoidism
B. Acromegaly
A patient with Graves' disease would likely present with:
A. Cold intolerance and slow heart rate
B. Puffy face and dry skin
C. Weight gain and constipation
D. Weight loss, heat intolerance, and anxiety
D. Weightloss, heat intolerance, anxiety
Which of the following increases the glomerular filtration rate?
A. Angiotensin II
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide
D. Aldosterone
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide
A person became dehydrated after a long run in the hot summer sun because they did not drink enough water. What will be the volume and concentration of their urine?
A. Large amount of concentrated urine
B. Large amount of diluted urine
C. Small amount of diluted urine
D. Small amount of concentrated urine
D. Small amount of concentrated urine
Which of the following is a common cause of peptic ulcers?
A. Vitamin deficiency
B. Helicobacter pylori infection
C. Excessive fiber intake
D. Low stomach acid
B. Helicobacter pylori infection
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) functions to promote water reabsorption. Where are the receptors for ADH located?
A. In the ascending limb of the nephron loop
B. In the proximal convoluted tubule
C. In the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
D. In the descending limb of the nephron loop
C. In the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct