A
Fady is texting and walking to class at the same time. What state of consciousness is Fady in?
Divided consciousness
Julia made a grocery list but forgot it at home. She only seemed to remember the items she wrote last on the list. Which term best reflects what happened with Julia?
Recency effect
Which component of working memory is responsible for rehearsing, repeating, and storing information as sounds or words? (Baddeley's working memory model)
Phonological loop
A coffee shop offers a free drink after every 4 purchases. What reinforcement schedule is this?
Fixed-Ratio
Marcello gets sleep attacks, where he finds himself suddenly falling asleep at random times during the day, especially after experiencing a strong emotion. He also has extreme daytime sleepiness. What sleep disorder does Marcello have?
Narcolepsy
Pavlov’s dog salivates when he smells food. Pavlov decided to ring a bell whenever he gives his dog food.
After some time, Pavlov decided to completely stop ringing the bell around his dog. Four months passed without exposing the dog to the bell. After four months, Pavlov rings the bell to his dog, and his dog does not salivate. What process of classical conditioning took place?
Extinction
In stage 3 and 4 of deep sleep, the brain produces ____________ waves
Delta
What type of long-term memory is involved with knowing how to ride a bike?
Procedural memory
Brain waves in REM sleep look most like ________ waves
Alpha
Greg is grounded after breaking curfew. His ability to leave the house is taken away. What type of positive/negative or reinforcement/punishment is this?
Negative Punishment
Which hormone is responsible for managing a person's sleep circadian rhythm?
Melatonin
Stage 2
Marketers of Coca Cola want people to associate Coca Cola with feeling happy and with family time. So, they run ads where they associated Coca Cola with Christmas time. Similarly, marketers of a Calvin Klein perfume want people to associate the perfume with feeling sexy. So, they run ads associating the perfume with provocative imagery. What are these two examples of?
Evaluative conditioning
Patricia can only go to sleep at 4:00AM, no matter how hard she tries, and wakes up at 12:00PM. She does not feel sleepy until 4:00AM. She has always struggled with only being able to go to sleep when it is very late and waking up late as well. This has been apparent since childhood. What sleep condition does Patricia have?
Delayed sleep-wake disorder
Luke and Frankie are studying a list of formulas. Luke is repeating the formulas over and over. Frankie is considering the meaning of each formula, breaking it down, and making connections. Who is more likely to remember the formulas in the long run?
Charles has been struggling to breathe when he is asleep. His airway is becoming blocked while he is asleep. What sleep disorder does Charles have?
Sleep apnea
What type of long term memory is involved with remembering your best friend’s wedding that took place last year?
Episodic memory
Money can be used as a reinforcer. What type of reinforcer is it?
Secondary reinforcer
Donia got a traumatic brain injury and fell into a coma. When she woke up, she could remember the details of her life before her accident, but cannot remember what happened fifteen minutes ago. What type of amnesia does Donia suffer from?
Anterograde amnesia
How many stages of sleep are there in total, as taught in class?
5 stages (4 non-REM and 1 REM)
________________ is learning that is not immediately expressed by a response until the organism is reinforced for doing so
Latent learning
Pavlov’s dog salivates when he smells food. Pavlov decided to ring a bell whenever he gives his dog food. After some time, Pavlov’s dog begins to salivate when he hears the bell ring, even if no food is present. What is the unconditioned stimulus?
US: Food
On average, what is a human's short-term memory capacity?
4 (+/-1) pieces of information at a time
Which type of sensory memory is able to hold sensory information for the longest amount of time?
Echoic memory (for sound, 5 seconds)
What is the function of K-complexes that appear in theta waves?
Perceiving external sounds in the environment and either waking you up or keeping you asleep