Chapter 5
(Photosynthesis)
(Photosynthesis)
An organism that can make its own food
Autotroph
The cell cycle is composed of these two main phases
Interphase & Mitotic Phase
This type of cell division involves two rounds of division to produce gametes for sexual reproduction
Meiosis
Mendel used these plants to study and revolutionized genetics decades before DNA was discovered
Pea Plants
DNA stands for this
Deoxyribonucleic acid
These are the three requirements for photosynthesis
What are Sunlight, Carbon Dioxide, and Water?
This phase of mitosis aligns chromosomes along the middle of the cell before the next phase begins
Metaphase
This type of cell has one set of chromosomes while the other two sets
Haploid & Diploid
This is used to determine the probabilities and all possible outcomes of traits
Punnett Square
These are the two functions of DNA
Replication & providing instruction/information
Light travels into the Chloroplast, thylakoids, and then is absorbed by this pigment molecule
Chlorophyll
This process fully separates a parent cell into two daughter cells in animals and forms a cell plate in plants
Cytokinesis
This is/shows the numbers and appearance of chromosomes in a cell (includes size, shape, and banding patterns)
Karyotype or Karyogram
This term describes the physical appearance of a trait, AND this term describes the genetic makeup of a trait (includes expressed and unexpressed)
Phenotype & Genotype
These are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
Sunlight is converted into these TWO molecules which are then used to power the rest of photosynthesis
ATP & NADPH
A cell not actively participating in the cell cycle is in this phase
G0
This hypothesis for sexual reproduction suggests that species must continuously evolve and adapt to survive as predators, parasites, and competitors also evolve
Red Queen Hypothesis
These two types of reproductive barriers prevent hybridization: one prevents fertilization between species AND the other allows fertilization but results in inviable offspring
What are Prezygotic AND Postzygotic
This DNA repair process removes incorrectly paired bases and replaces them with the correct ones
Mismatch Repair
This step of the Calvin cycle uses the enzyme RuBisCO to produce a three-carbon compound (3-PGA)
1st Step OR Carbon Fixation
These three checkpoints in the cell cycle act as internal control mechanisms to prevent a compromised cell from continuing to divide
G1, G2, M
These two processes increase genetic diversity in sexual reproduction
Crossing Over & Independent Assortment
This law states that genes are divided equally into gametes during meiosis and gives offspring an equal chance of inheriting either factor
Law of Segregation
This process converts mRNA into a chain of amino acids at the ribosome
Protein Synthesis