Intro A+P
What is the correct order of the following levels of structural organization?
tissue, cell, organ system, organ, organism, molecule, atom
atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the four types of tissues?
epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve
What are the two major layers of the skin, and what other layer is not technically part of the skin?
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous)
What three pigments contribute to skin color?
a. keratin, melanin, carotene
b. melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
b. melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
1. The structural unit of compact bone is _____. (starts with o)
2. Spongy bone has ______. (starts with t)
1. osteon
2. trabeculae
The ____ plane separates superior and inferior.
The ____ plane separates left and right equally.
The ____ plane separates anterior and posterior.
1. transverse
2. midsagittal
3. frontal (coronal)
Which type of tissue is closely packed, avascular, innervated, has rapid cell divisions, and forms glands?
a. connective
b. epithelial
c. muscle
d. nerve
b. epithelial
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
Which layer is only present in thick skin?
stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
stratum lucidum
1. Which type of hair is soft, fine, and covers fetuses?
a. vellus b. lanugo c. terminal hair
2. What is the correct order of hair growth?
a. catagen, telogen, anagen
b. anagen, catagen, telogen
1. b. lanugo
2. b. anagen, catagen, telogen
List the four type of bone cells and what they do.
1. osteoprogenitor - stem cells
2. osteocytes - mature bone cells
3. osteoblasts - "build" bone (secrete bone matrix)
4. osteoclasts - "crush" bone (break down old or damaged bone)
1. The arms are _____ to the chest.
2. The shoulders are _____ to the feet.
3. The sternum is ______ to the heart.
Word bank: anterior, superior, lateral
1. lateral
2. superior
3. anterior
Which type of tissue is highly vascularized and innervated and consists of cells and an extracellular matrix?
a. connective tissue
b. epithelial tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. nerve tissue
a. connective tissue
What are the four types of cells in the epidermis, and what do they do?
Keratinocytes - keratin
Melanocytes - melanin
Langerhans cells - immune system
Merkel cells - touch
Word bank: ceruminous, sebaceous, sudoriferous (sweat)
sebaceous, sudoriferous, ceruminous
1. The shaft of the long bone is _____.
2. The ends of the long bone are _____.
3. The hollow cavity of the long bone is ______.
4. The outer lining of the long bone is _______.
5. The inner lining of the long bone is _______.
1. Diaphysis
2. Epiphysis
3. Medullary cavity
4. Periosteum - fibrous and osteogenic layer
5. Endosteum
Which serous membrane is the inner lining of the lungs?
a. parietal pleura
b. visceral pleura
c. parietal pericardium
d. visceral pericardium
b. visceral pleura
1. Which type of cartilage is the strongest, and which is smooth and reduces friction in joints?
2. Which type of CT resists stress in one direction, and which resists stress in multiple directions?
1. fibrocartilage = strong, hyaline = joints
2. dense regular = 1 direction, dense irregular = multiple directions
1. overgrowth of melanocytes (mole) =
2. localized increase in melanocytes =
3. fingerprints that form in fetus =
word bank: freckles, nevus, friction ridges
1. nevus
2. freckles
3. friction ridges
Which part of the nail is actively growing? nail ______
What does the nail bed plate (body) sit on? nail ______
nail matrix, nail bed
How do calcitonin and PTH regulate calcium homeostasis (what do they do to blood calcium levels)?
Calcitonin -> lowers blood calcium
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) -> increases blood calcium
Which abdominal region is the lowest, middle region?
a. left iliac
b. umbilical
c. hypogastric
d. right iliac
c. hypogastric
Which gland has the entire secretory cell disintegrate to release sebum?
a. merocrine
b. apocrine
c. holocrine
d. endocrine
c. holocrine
The 2 methods to repair tissue are regeneration and fibrosis. What is the correct order for the 4 steps of deep wound healing?
a. migratory, inflammatory, proliferative, maturation
b. maturation, proliferative, inflammatory, migratory
c. inflammatory, migratory, maturation, proliferative
d. inflammatory, migratory, proliferative, maturation
d. inflammatory, migratory, proliferative, maturation
Which sensory receptor is responsible for pressure and vibration and is in the dermis and hypodermis?
a. merkel cells
b. free nerve endings
c. Meissners/tactile corpuscles
d. lamellated/pacinian corpuscles
d. lamellated/pacinian corpuscles
Put the endochondral ossification steps in the correct order:
- primary ossification center forms in diaphysis
- secondary ossification center forms in epiphysis
- fetal hyaline cartilage model develops
- cartilage calcifies, bone collar forms
- epiphyseal plates ossify and form line
- bone replaces cartilage
- fetal hyaline cartilage model develops
- cartilage calcifies, bone collar forms
- primary ossification center forms in diaphysis
- secondary ossification center forms in epiphysis
- bone replaces cartilage
- epiphyseal plates ossify and form line