Protein Function
What is the prosthetic group myoglobin and hemoglobin both have?
Heme
What is the difference between a nucleoside and nucleotide?
Nucleosides are a sugar and base. Nucleotides are a sugar, base and phosphate group.
What direction does synthesis proceed in?
5' to 3' (adding to the 3' end)
What DNA will travel the furthest in DNA electrophoresis?
The smallest pieces
What is a Plasmid?
Small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA
What does a lower Kd indicate?
Higher binding affinity between the protein and ligand
Which form is DNA typically found in?
B form
When mRNA is spliced what is removed?
Introns
What does a Northern Blot detect?
expression of gene of interest/mRNA
What charge are Histones?
Very Positive
How do you find the Kd on a graph?
The x value when Fractional/Percent Saturation (Y) is at 0.5 (Pressure when half the ligand is bound)
Which of the nucleic acids bases are purines? Which are pyrimidines?
Purines: Adenine & Guanine
Pyrimidines: Uracil & Thymine & Cytosine
What do tRNAs do during translation?
Pair with RNA codons on one end and carry the corresponding amino acid on the other end.
What are the steps of a PCR reaction?
1. Denature 2. Anneal 3. Extension
When is Non-Homologous End Joining used?
When there is no template DNA. Used to knock out genes
If a protein has positive cooperativity what would the Hill Coefficient value be?
What factors would make a DNA strand more stable?
More G-C pairs, longer DNA strand, increased ionic strength of a solution
A transcription factor binds to a gene and the gene is turned off. Is the transcription factor a repressor or activator?
Repressor
What blot would you use if you were looking for a gene of interest on a plasmid?
Southern Blot
What size ribosomal subunits do eukaryotes have?
60S and 40S
What factors increase Hb O2 Saturation?
Increasing pH, Decreasing [2,3-BPG], Decreasing [CO2] and the R State
What kind of bonds join monomer units of DNA?
Phosphodiester Bonds
What is the amino acid sequence that results from this mRNA sequence.
AUG CAC GCU UGU CCC UAA
His-Ala-Cys-Pro
You are looking for differences in gene expression of multiple genes in cell lines. What DNA technique would you use?
Microarray
What are the characteristics of siRNA?
Double stranded, small (21-23 nucleotides), 100% match-knock out single gene, cleave mRNA, and commonly designed for lab use