ENZYMES
What does an enzyme act as?
A) Reactant
B) Product
C) Catalyst
C) Catalyst
What does the abbreviation ETC stand for?
Electron Transport Chain
What is the source of life?
The Sun
How many chromosomes do humans typically inherit from each parent?
23 chromosomes from each parent
Which group of codons functions as stop signals that terminate translation and release polypeptide chain?
UAA, UAG, and UGA
During a biochemical reaction, an electron is transferred from one neutral atom to another. The atom that actively loses the electron becomes a:
A) Anion carrying a negative charge
B) Cation carrying a positive charge
C) Photon carrying a neutral charge
B) Cation carrying a positive charge
What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis alone?
2 ATP
Where does the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place?
Thylakoid membrane
Given the template DNA strand sequence 51-TTGCAGATG-31, what is the correct sequence of the complementary, opposing strand?
31-AACGTCTAC-51
During the initial phase of translation, which codon serves as the universal start signal to establish the correct reading frame?
AUG
What is the first and second law of thermodynamics?
First law: Energy cannot be destroyed or created but can be transformed from one type to another.
Second law: Everything is always increasing towards entropy(disorder).
Pyruvate must move through a transitional oxidation step before entering the Krebs cycle. What is the exact chemical outcome of this step?
2 Pyruvate=2 Acetyl CoA + 2 NADH
What primary threat is plant defending against when it closes its stomata on a hot day?
Transpiration (loss of water)
Which specific enzyme is responsible for breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs to unwind the double helix at the replication fork?
DNA Helicase
Which enzyme is responsible for binding to a promoter sequence and copying DNA strand into an RNA strand?
RNA Polymerase
An inhibitor binds directly to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from entering. This is an example of:
A competitive inhibitor
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 +O2=6CO2 +6H2O+ ATP
What chemical state does NADPH transition to after acting as a reducing agent in the Calvin Cycle?
NADP+
Okazaki fragments
Where does transcription and translation occur in eukaryotic cells?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm
In salivary chemical digestion, amylase binds to starch. According to the "Lock and Key" hypothesis, how do these two entities interact?
The enzyme and its substrate fit together perfectly like a puzzle.
When a system undergoes fermentation due to anaerobic conditions, what are the two specific end-products?
Alcohol and lactic acid
What are the three primary structural and energy-storage carbohydrates synthesized by a plant using fixed photosynthetic intermediates?
Glucose, starch, and cellulose
If a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule contains the base Uracil instead of Thymine, what is this molecule classified as?
RNA
What events characterized the post-transcriptional process of RNA splicing in eukaryotic cells?
Introns are cut out and removed, while exons are spiced together to be translated