Seeing the Light
C3, C4, CAM
Day & Night
Do the Math
BRRRR
100

This unit, abbreviated nm, is used to measure wavelength.

What is the nanometer?

100

Most horticultural plants use this pathway.

What is C3?

100

Flowering is controlled by the length of this.

What is night?

100

A day of 72°F and a night of 62°F is this DIF.

What is +10?

100

This moist chilling treatment helps seeds break dormancy.

What is stratification?

200

Plants absorb these two colors of light best.  

What are red and blue?

200

This enzyme, the most plentiful on Earth, can mistakenly fix oxygen instead of CO₂.

What is RuBisCo?

200

Poinsettias and chrysanthemums are this type of plant.

What are short-day, or long-night, plants?

200

A day of 62°F and a night of 70°F is this DIF.

What is −8?

200

Sprinklers and wind machines can't help with this long-lasting kind of freeze.

What is an advective freeze?

300

These accessory pigments pass energy to chlorophyll a and protect chloroplasts from intense light.

What are carotenoids?

300

This wasteful process rises when stomata close in the heat and CO₂ drops.

What is photorespiration?

300

Cucumbers, corn and dandelions bloom once adult regardless of day length, so they are this type.

What are day-neutral plants?

300

With a base of 50°F, a low of 44°F and a high of 70°F, you get this many GDDs.

What is 10?

300

These are the hours between about 32 and 45°F that buds need.

What are chilling hours?

400

Leaves turn this color, called chlorosis, from disease, nutrient deficiency or too-bright light.

What is yellow?

400

These plants open their stomates at night and store CO₂ as a 4-carbon molecule.

What are CAM plants?

400

These red-light receptors act like Pr and Pfr switches and detect photoperiod.

What are phytochromes?

400

With a base of 10°C, a maximum of 30°C, a low of 7°C and a high of 35°C, you get this many GDDs.

What is 10?

400

Tulips and daffodils need this cold period to flower properly.

What is vernalization?

500

Excess sugars from cool nights increase production of this pigment, giving brighter fall reds.

What is anthocyanin?

500

In this pathway, PEP carboxylase grabs CO₂ first and hands the carbon to RuBisCo; corn and bermudagrass use it.

What is C4?

500

Interrupting the night with this kind of bulb, rich in red light, stops short-day plants from flowering.

What is an incandescent bulb?

500

Base 40°F, maximum 85°F: Day 1 is 38/60 and Day 2 is 44/91. The two-day total is this.

What is 34.5? Day 1 = 10, Day 2 = 24.5.

500

Freezing so fast that ice crystals don't form, which even tropical tissue can survive.

What is cryopreservation?

M
e
n
u