Learning
The ability to use learned associations to make predictions
What is Classical Conditioning
This happens at the time of retrieval, information is there, but you can’t access it
What is blocking
Word meaning; how humans learn and store words
What is semantics
You use this to think about the past
What is memory
The idea that we are born with some basic, innate knowledge of certain things in the world
What is core knowledge
The tendency to respond in the same way to different, but similar stimuli
hint: responding the same to all objects whose color is the same
What is generalization
The idea that this allows you to process information deeper and thus remember better
What is meaning making
Grammar, and how we put words together to convey ideas
What is syntax
Thinking about things that haven’t happened yet
What is prospecting
When children take new information and fit it into how they currently think about the world, but by revising and updating their previous beliefs
What is constructivism
An automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus
What is the conditioned response
The creation of false memories from scratch
What is the sin of suggestibility
The idea that babies pay attention to what other people are paying attention to
What is Social Referencing
The human tendency to think that examples of things that come readily to mind are more representative than is actually the case
Hint: why people are generally more afraid of flying than driving
What is the availability bias
Error that occurs in the sensorimotor stage of development when infants make the mistake of selecting familiar hiding places rather than the new hiding place
What is the 'A not B Error'
The diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus
What is habituation
The type of memory that is easy to articulate in words
hint: knowing the capital of France
What is explicit memory
The idea that children have a bias to assume that nouns refer to basic-level categories (dog, ball, hammer, doll, etc.)
What is category/taxonomic assumption
The idea that the probability of two things happening together is always lower than the probability of one thing happening on its own
What is the conjunction fallacy
Using something you’ve learned in one context in a different context
What is transfer
The reappearance of a response (a Conditioned Response; CR) that had been extinguished
What is spontaneous recovery
The case where the hippocampus was removed from patient's head and they could no longer form new semantic memories
What is the case of HM
Analyzing words in a sentence to their appropriate linguistic categories to allow understanding of what is being said
What is the parsing problem
If people were to act in a way that would maximize value, it would be the probability of success multiplied the value of that gain
What is the expected utility theory
(EU = p*u)
The second stage in Jean Piaget's stages of development
What is the preoperational stage