Bone free-for-all
In terms of bone features, what is a fossa?
A) A little pit
B) A cleft
C) A general term for a depression
D) A hole
C) A general term for a depression on a bone.
Question: Which of the following is NOT associated with osteoclasts?
a.Derived from osteoprogenitor cells
b.Regulation of calcium ions
c.Secretion of acids and enzymes
d.Have a ruffled border
a) Derived from osteoprogenitor cells
________ increases blood levels of calcium by increasing the absorption of calcium in the kidneys, increasing the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine, and increasing the release of calcium and phosphorus from the bones.
a) parathyroid hormone
b) calcitonin
c) calcitriol
d) growth hormone
c) calcitriol
(Edit: could also be PTH by this description)
Question: What is the structural classification for sutures?
a.Synarthrosis
b.Fibrous
c.Cartilaginous
d.Diarthrosis
b. Fibrous
The frontal bone is part of the __________ skeleton, and it is created from __________________ossification.
Axial, intramembranous.
Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as ________.
A. Flat bones
B. Short bones
C. Sesamoid bones
D. Irregular bones
B. Short bones
During bone repair, the initial internal and external callus are replaced by ________.
a) Spongy bone.
b) Osteoclasts.
c) Hyaline cartilage.
d) Osteogenic cells.
a) Spongy bone.
True or False? Calcitonin is a protein hormone produced by the pituitary gland to help raise blood calcium levels.
False
Fred was a hotshot on the basketball team, at least until he was hit on the lateral side of the knee during a game. Which ligament did he likely tear during this injury?
A) Posterior cruciate ligament
B) Lateral collateral ligament
C) Medial collateral ligament
D) Patellar ligament
C) Medial collateral ligament.
For a ballerina to stand on her toes, her feet must:
a) evert
b) invert
c) plantar flex
d) dorsiflex
e) abduct
c) plantar flex
Osteoid is composed of:
A) Calcium and phosphate
B) Hyaluronic acid.
C) Mostly collagen.
D) Cartilage.
C) Mostly collagen.
Given these events:
1) Osteochondral progenitor cells become osteoblasts
2) Connective tissue membrane is formed
3) Osteoblasts produce woven bone
which sequence best describes intramembranous ossification?
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 1, 3,2
c) 2, 1, 3
d) 3, 2, 1
e) 2, 3, 1
c) 2, 1, 3
2) Connective tissue membrane is formed
1) Osteochondral progenitor cells become osteoblasts
3) Osteoblasts produce woven bone
Estrogen
a) stimulates a burst of growth at puberty
b) causes a later closure of the epiphyseal plate than testosterone does
c) causes a longer growth period in females than testosterone causes in males
d) tends to prolong the growth phase of the epiphyseal plates
e) all of these are correct
a) stimulates a burst of growth at puberty
The inability to produce the fluid that keeps most joints moist would likely be caused by a disorder of the
a) cruciate ligaments
b) synovial membrane
c) articular cartilage
d) fibrous capsule (of joint capsule)
e) bursae
e) tendon sheath
b) synovial membrane
After a door is unlatched, what movement of the elbow is necessary to open it (Assume the door opens in and you are on the inside)
a) pronation
b) rotation
c) supination
d) flexion
e) extension
d) flexion
The periosteum
a) is an epithelial tissue membrane
b) covers the outer and internal surfaces of bone
c) contains only osteoblasts
d) becomes continuous with collagen fibers of tendons or ligaments
e) has a single fibrous layer
d) becomes continuous with collagen fibers of tendons or ligaments
Given these processes:
1) An osteon is produced
2) Osteoblasts from the periosteum form a series of ridges.
3) The periosteum becomes the endosteum
4) Osteoblasts lay done bone to produce a concentric lamella
5) Groves are changed into tunnels
Which sequence best represents the order in which these processes occur during growth in width of a long bone?
a) 1, 4, 2, 3, 5
b) 2, 5, 3, 4, 1
c) 3,4, 2, 1, 5
d) 4, 2, 1, 5, 3
e) 5, 4, 2, 1, 3
b) 2, 5, 3, 4, 1
2) Osteoblasts from the periosteum form a series of ridges.
5) Groves are changed into tunnels
3) The periosteum becomes the endosteum
4) Osteoblasts lay done bone to produce a concentric lamella
1) An osteon is produced
Parathyroid hormone _______ the production of RANKL and at the same time ________ osteoprotegerin secretion in order to increase osteoclast activity.
a) stimulates, decreases
b) decreases, stimulates
c) increases, elevates
d) deactivates, increases
a) stimulates, decreases
Matching: 1. Synarthroses
2. Synchondroses
3. Syndesmoses
4. Symphyses
A) A slightly movable fibrous joint
B) A fibrocartilaginous fusion between two bones
C) In range of motion classification, an immobile joint.
D) Where hyaline cartilage completely joins together two bones.
1) Synarthroses: C) In range of motion classification, an immobile joint.
2) Synchondroses: D) Where hyaline cartilage completely joins together two bones.
3) Syndesmoses: A) A slightly movable fibrous joint
4) Symphyses: B) A fibrocartilaginous fusion between two bones
Match the description to whether it is describing a male or female pelvis
1) Pelvic outlet broader and more shallow
2) Heart-shaped pelvic inlet
3) ischial tuberosities turned medially
4) subpubic angle 90 degrees or more
1) Pelvic outlet broader and more shallow -- females
2) Heart-shaped pelvic inlet -- males
3) ischial tuberosities turned medially -- males
4) subpubic angle 90 degrees or more -- females
Chronic vitamin D deficiency results in which of these consequences?
a) bones become brittle
b) the percentage of bone composed of hydroxyapatite increases.
c) Bones become soft and pliable
d) Scurvy occurs
e) Both a and b are correct
c) Bones become soft and pliable
Determine the zone of the epiphyseal plate (by number and name) by the description
1) Zone where chondrocytes die.
2) The chondrocytes mature and enlarge
3) Nearest to the epiphysis and contains slowly dividing chondrocytes
4) The osteoblasts line up on the surface of the calcified cartilage
5) The chondrocytes divide and form columns resembling stacks of plates or coins.
1) Zone 4: The zone of calcification
2) Zone 3: The zone of hypertrophy
3) Zone 1: zone of resting cartilage
4) Ossified bone (fifth step)
5) Zone 2: Zone of proliferation
Question: A tumor of the parathyroid glands that secretes too much parathyroid hormone will result in which of the following?
a.Excessively low blood calcium
b.Excessive thickening of bones
c.Ectopic bone formation
d. Bones that break easily
d. Bones that break easily.
Assume that a sharp object penetrated a synovial joint. Given these structures:
1) tendon or muscle
2) ligament
3) articular cartilage
4) fibrous capsule (of joint capsule)
5) skin
6) synovial membrane (of joint capsule),
Choose the order which they would most likely be penetrated.
a) 5, 1, 2, 6, 4, 3
b) 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6
c) 5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 3
d) 5, 1, 2, 4, 3, 6
c) 5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 3
5) skin
1) tendon or muscle
2) ligament
4) fibrous capsule (of joint capsule)
6) synovial membrane (of joint capsule)
3) articular cartilage
The gastrocnemius muscle attaches to the medial and lateral condyles of the the femur and to the calcaneus. What movement of the leg results when this muscle contracts? What movement of the foot?
Flexion of the knee, plantar flexion of the foot