Ch.15 (1)
Pathogenicity
What is the ability of a microbe/pathogen to cause disease in a host?
Pathogens change their surface antigens (antigenic determinants) through genetic mutations/recombination
what is an antigenic variation?
Symptoms of Typhoid fever
What are prolonged high fever, headache, muscle aches, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, skin rash on the trunk (rose spots), and blood diarrhea?
Diagnosis of Botulism
What is "drumstick" appearance - bacteria with endospore found at end of cell?
antibody against a toxin
what is an antitoxin?
Characteristic or trait of the pathogen that makes it harmful - examples
What is the virulence factor? what are capsules, toxins, and antigenic variations?
Non-oral entry, pathogens directly deposited into tissue or bloodstream
What is parenteral route?
Virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus
What is a heat-stable enterotoxin (type 1 exotoxin)
What are contaminated meat/fruits/vegetables, raw eggs, and pet reptiles?
Key virulence factor seen in virus & bacteria
What are an antigenic variation (virus) & toxin (bacteria)?
ID50
What is the number of pathogens required to make 50% of the population sick? what measures the virulence of a microbe & serves as an indicator for the preferred portal of entry?
LD50
What is the amount of toxin required to kill 50% of the population? what measures the potency of a toxin?
4 stages of lifecycle of beef tapeworm
What are eggs, oncospheres, cysticerci larvae, and adult tapeworms?
What is ability to multiply in phagocytes?
2 types of Botulism
What are infant Botulism - ingesting spores, eating honey, floppiness
Wound Botulism - grow in wounds, common in IV drug users?
5 Adhesion factors
What are capsules, fimbriae, M proteins, Opa proteins, and hooks?
5 Penetration factors/bacterial enzymes
What are coagulase, kinase, hyaluronidase, collagenase and IgA protease?
Anatomy of the beef tapeworm
What are scolex (head) - hooks, suckers
cuticle (skin), and proglottids (body segments)?
3 food&waterborne viral diseases
what are hepatitis A, viral gastroenteritis, and poliomyelitis?
2 ways toxins get produced
Difference between strong immunogen & weak immunogen
what are
strong immunogen - good stimulator of the immune response, ^ Abs made, no fever (except type 1), made of proteins
weak immunogen - poor stimulator of the immune response, no Ab's made, fever, made of lipid & polysaccharides?
3 food&waterborne parasitic diseases
what are giardiasis, amoebiasis, and beef tapeworm infection?
3 food&waterborne diseases' virulence factor - multiply in phagocytes
What are salmonellosis, typhoid fever, and brucellosis?
developmental stages not written