Policy Perspectives and Juvenile Offenders
Rehabilitation
What is the main punishment goal of the juvenile justice system?
Order of protection violation
What is a legitimate basis for establishing probable cause in domestic disturbance incidents?
Fraud in the factum
What is considered rape in all U.S. jurisdictions (fraud about the fact of rape)?
The Controlled Substances Act and the U.S. Constitution
What are the sources of federal law criminalizing marijuana?
Legal customs, practices and case precedent
What is common law?
Constitutional source of protection against cruel and unusual punishment
What is to the eighth amendment?
Police talking to the individuals involved in a domestic dispute and recommending they spend time apart
What is the traditional police approach to misdemeanor domestic abuse calls for service?
Evidence of an alleged rape victim's intoxication at the time of the assault and resultant physical injuries
What could be considered evidence of the defendants use of force (non-consent) in rape and sexual assault cases?
Tax revenue diversification and more efficient use of law enforcement
What are the common rationales behind state legalization of marijuana?
Mens rea
What is the criminal intent requirement?
Policies that mandate or allow the discretionary transfer of criminal cases involving underage serious, violent offenders to adult court.
What are statutory waiver policies?
Women are more likely to be killed by an intimate partner
What is a fact about intimate partner violence outcomes?
Reputation, opinion and specific instances showing the victim's unchaste character
Evidence that is generally prohibited from admission at trial under state rape shield laws?
State governance must align with federal laws
What is federalism?
Source of congressional authority to enforce the Controlled Substances Act
What is the Commerce Clause?
Policies that shield offenders younger than 7 years of age from criminal punishment
What are Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility statutes?
Type of domestic abuse which can manifest into physical injury and is often difficult to detect
What is emotional (and mental) abuse?
Federal Rules of Evidence
What all state courts must apply in rape cases?
Tenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution
What is the constitutional amendment which provides that "the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people?"
Type of offenders who are presumed to have low mental capacity
What are juvenile offenders?
Delinquency, adoption, neglect and domestic disputes
What are cases that fall within juvenile court jurisdiction?
Cycles of abuse and normalcy
What are characteristics of intimate partner (domestic) violence?
Probable evidence (evidence that shows a certain outcome/consequence is more likely than not)
What is the type of evidence needed to satisfy the relevance standard under the Federal Rules of Evidence?
U.S. Supreme Court ruling that Congress can regulate intrastate activities that can have a substantial effect on interstate commerce
What is Gonzalez v. Raich?
Washington state supreme court ruling that drug testing of student athletes must be based on reasonable suspicion
What is York v. Wahkiakum School District?