Experiments
Baddeley's WM Model
LTM
Implicit Memory
Misc.
100
How do subjects respond during the Reasoning Experiment when the string is longer?
What is slower
100
Name the parts of Braddely's WM Model
What is central executive, phonological loop, episodic buffer, and visuospatial sketch pad.
100
What is LTM?
storage of information permanently with unlimited capacity
100
The finding that the processing of something a second time is benefited from having processed it previously.
What is priming
100
How long does STM last?
few seconds
200
What is the procedure of the Distractor Experiment?
learn the list, given distractor test(count backwards), then recall the list
200
What part plays the role of "head guy" in the model?
What is central execuative
200
Explicit vs. Implicit Memory. Which is conscious and which is unconscious?
Explicit= conscious (remember to bring bike) Implicit=unconscious (remember how to ride a bike)
200
What is autobiographical memory? Give and example.
Memory for information in which the rememberer plays a role. Example: Your high school graduation
200
What is number of items that can be repeated immediately in order 50% of the time?
What is Memory Span
300
What are the results and conclusions of the Delayed Test Experiment?
The experiment creates dissociation and the results found that implicit had no time effect and explicit did so therefore they are two separate memories that respond to time differently.
300
What does the Phonological loop focus on? And what evidence do we have for the phonological loop?
What is speech. The irrelevant speech effect.
300
Semantic vs Episodic Memory (Explain the differences with examples)
Semantic is not bound to specific context like when is your birthday whereas Episodic is bound to particular time and place like what did you do for your birthday last year.
300
What is a flashbulb memory and why is it hard to study?
Flashbulb memory is a memory very vivid, emotionally charged and particular to that person. It is hard to study because it is so particular to that certain person.
300
What does WM do?
Storage and processing
400
Explain the 9/11 Experiment
What is 9/11 experiment tested to see how accurate flashbulb memories were by interviewing participants on 9/12 about the terrorist attack and an everyday event. The subjects were retested a week, 6 weeks and 32 weeks later. The results of the experiment were that details overall decrease over time no matter the memory but participants had higher confidence in still remembering the flashbulb memories than the everyday memories. Therefore flashbulb memories are no more accurate than any other memory.
400
Explain the visuospatial sketch pad? (Talk about what it does and what it focuses on)
It stores mental images. Manipulates things we see by using spatial rotation. The more rotations needed for a match, the longer the verification time.
400
What are the three stages of memory? Explain
What is encoding, storage and retrieval. Encoding is studying. Storage is "holding on", maintaining information. Retrieval is testing yourself, remembering.
400
Implicit learning vs. testing. Explain how these go hand in hand (hint:in-class example)
Implicit learning is incidental learning instructions like "look at this word list". Implicit testing is unconscious retrieval like "complete the fragment". This task should be easier because the words were previously seen in the word list that you did not know would have meaning for later.
400
What is a way of overcoming STM? Who discovered this with a "magical number"? Explain.
Chunking. Miller discovered it and said STM had magic number of 7(plus or minus)2. This meant that people mostly remembered 7, plus or minus two.
500
Talk about the Reminiscence Bump. (groups of people used, results, and second part)
What is The Reminiscence Bump tested centenarians and young seniors (78yrs old). The experiment found that most people, disregard the different groups, recalled the most memories during the time they were 10-30 years old. The second part to this experiment was testing to see if between the groups who mentioned about WW2. Results found that the young senior group talked about WW2 because that was an event that happen during their bump.
500
How is WM span measured? Explain.
What is the Daneman and Carpenter task. Participants are asked to read series of sentences and after recall the last word in each sentence. This test storage and processing of the WM.
500
What are the three types of manipulations at retrieval? Explain each with an example.
Free recall, cued recall, and recognition. Free recall is when participants are asked to recall words/info in any order. Cued recall is when participants are given hints to help like name all words that start with "c". Recognition is when participants are asked to simply identify if they saw the word or not.
500
What are the 3 overall patterns of Autobiographical memory? Tell age associated with each.
Infantile amnesia(before the age of 3), Recency effect(within the last few years), and Reminiscence bump (10-30)
500
Explain the task that produces a serial pattern curve. What shape does the results make and why? Talk about them.What does the results say about memory separation?
Free recall test of words. The results make a "u" shape curve due to primacy and recency effect. Primacy effect remembers the beginning best. Recency effect remembers the end best. Therefore the results can be dissociated into separate memory stores.
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