Reports typically travel this direction in an organization.
What is upward?
100
Boundaries imposed outside the control of the researcher.
What are limitations?
100
The level of consistency or stability over time or over independent samples.
What is reliability?
100
The degree to which the data measures what the researcher intended to measure.
What is validity?
100
Data collected for the first time, usually for a specific purpose.
What is primary research?
200
The development of this is critical to obtaining reliable and valid data.
What is an effective survey instrument?
200
Recognize and define the problem; select a method of solution; collect and organize the data; arrive at an answer.
What is the problem solving process?
200
Fractions, ratios, and percentages are examples of this.
What is common language?
200
These interpret the data shown in a graphic and are recommended in reports rather than general headings.
What are "talking titles"?
200
A graphic would be considered this if it contributes to the overall understanding of the idea under discussion.
What is effective?
300
To show actual budgeted expenses over the last five years for your company, you would use this graphic.
What is a line chart?
300
This type of graphic is best for comparing percentages.
What is a pie chart?
300
This part of a formal report should introduce the report and preview major divisions, summarize the major sections, and summarize the report summary and any conclusions.
What is the executive summary?
300
This is an informal presentation prepared and presented with little (or no) time for planning and developing.
What is an oral briefing?
300
This is the range in number of major points that are recommended in a business presentation.
What is 3 to 5?
400
Because this type of communication is more difficult to process, complex, lengthy sentences that are acceptable for written documents are not effective in a presentation.
What is spoken?
400
This is the number of major points that should be included on each slide.
What is 1?
400
Speakers who use these are generally considered more prepared, engaging, and convincing.
What are visuals?
400
People from this continent are perceived by members of some cultures as too casual in their presentation style.
What is North America?
400
In a presentation, if this part is impressive you will establish credibility with your audience.
What is the introduction?
500
Too many of these in a presentation can overwhelm and bore the audience.
What are visuals?
500
This is drawn by inference from research findings.
What is a conclusion?
500
This is the writer's opinion of what action should be taken based on the conclusion.
What is a recommendation?
500
During this, everyone on the team should take part.
What is a team presentation?
500
It is important that team members agree on these 2 things.