EXAM 2 REVIEW

DNA Structure

100

If a strand of DNA is composed of 35% of the base adenine (A), it must also contain what percent guanine (G)?

What is 15%

200

The order of bases on two sides of a double-helix is A) identical. B) similar. C) complementary. D) not related in any way.

What is C) complementary

300

The full complement of genetic material for an animal is called its ____ and is organized into different ____. Each strand of DNA, in turn, contains many specific ____. A) genome; chromosomes; genes B) nucleotide; genomes; proteins C) pyrminidine; nucleotides; RNA D) genes; nitrogenous bases; chromosomes

What is A) genome; chromosomes; genes

400

A mechanism to replace faulty genes is called A) gene therapy. B) gene knockout therapy. C) DNA microarrays. D) PCR.

What is A) gene therapy.

500

Which of the following is NOT true about DNA replication? A) Replication occurs at multiple points simultaneously. B) Nucleotides are added in the 5' to 3' direction only. C) Energy is required for replication. D) Replication is always 100% accurate.

What is D) Replication is always 100% accurate.

DNA Replication, Mitosis, and the Cell Cycle

100

An unfertilized egg from a Venuzuelan gecko has a very low number of chromosomes - only 16. Thus, the entire ____ consist(s) of 32 chromosomes and each chromosome consists of ____ and proteins. A) DNA; chromatin B) genome; centrosomes C) chromatin; genome D) nucleosomes; centromere E) genome; DNA

What is E) genome; DNA

200

After a visit to a specialist, Dan was diagnosed with liver cancer. Six months later additional tumors were found in his stomach and small intestine. This is an example of A) malignant tumors. B) benign tumors. C) metastasis. D) Both malignant tumors and metastasis are correct.

What is D) Both malignant tumors and metastasis are correct.

300

Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis? A) DNA is replicated. B) Replicated chromosomes divide. C) Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell. D) Both [DNA is replicated] and [replicated chromosomes divide] are correct.

What is A) DNA is replicated.

400

Webbing of digits (fingers) in humans, or syndactyly, typically occurs during the sixth to eighth weeks of embryonic life. One of every 2000 - 2500 births have syndactyly and it is more common among Caucasian males. Syndactyly is caused by the failure of what process? A) cell division B) mitosis C) cytokinesis D) apoptosis

What is D) apoptosis

500

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched? A) prophase -- mitotic spindle forms B) metaphase -- chromosomes line up along the equator C) anaphase -- centromeres split D) telophase -- cytoplasm divides

What is D) telophase -- cytoplasm divides

Sexual Reproduction & Meiosis

100

Which of the following leads to increased genetic diversity? A) sexual reproduction B) asexual reproduction C) conjugation D) All of the choices are correct. E) Both sexual reproduction and conjugation are correct.

What is E) Both sexual reproduction and conjugation are correct.

200

During meiosis, a male elk produces ____ sperm in specialized ____ cells in his testes. A) diploid; germ B) identical; haploid C) diploid; haploid D) haploid; germ E) haploid; haploid

What is D) haploid; germ

300

During meiosis I, ____ divide. In meiosis II, ____ divide(s). A) sister chromatids, homologous pairs B) chromosomes, the cytoplasm C) homologous pairs, sister chromatids D) autosomes, sister chromatids

What is C) homologous pairs, sister chromatids

400

What process(es) result(s) in genetic variability? A) mitosis B) DNA replication C) random alignment in meiosis I D) crossing over E) Both random alignment in meiosis I and crossing over are correct.

What is E) Both random alignment in meiosis I and crossing over are correct.

500

In comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins, A) monozygote twins result from two eggs and two sperm cells. B) dizygotic twins are identical because a single zygote separates into two. C) dizygotic twins can be different sexes. D) monozygotic twins can be different sexes.

What is C) dizygotic twins can be different sexes.

Patterns of Inheritance

100

Which of the following is NOT true? A) Individuals that exhibit the dominant trait cannot have a child with a recessive trait. B) An allele is a version of a gene. C) Recessive alleles are masked by dominant alleles. D) Alleles for a specific trait are found on homologous chromosomes.

What is A) Individuals that exhibit the dominant trait cannot have a child with a recessive trait.

200

Which of the following is a phenotype? A) T B) Tt C) long tongue D) Tthh E) Both Tt and Tthh are correct.

What is C) long tongue

300

Deafness in dogs is a recessive trait. How can you determine the genotype of a dog that has good hearing? A) If the dog has good hearing, it must be homozygous dominant. B) Mate the dog with another dog that is deaf. C) Mate the dog with another dog that is not deaf. D) If both parents of the dog are not deaf, then you know the dog must be heterozygous for the trait.

What is B) Mate the dog with another dog that is deaf.

400

Which of the following is an example of codominance? A) A homozygous black and homozygous white cow mate and produce a gray calf. B) A homozygous black and homozygous white cow mate, and produce three black calves and one white calf. C) A homozygous black and homozygous white cow mate, and produce a black and white spotted calf. D) A homozygous black and homozygous white cow mate, and produce three white calves and one black calf.

What is C) A homozygous black and homozygous white cow mate, and produce a black and white spotted calf.

500

A woman with AB blood type marries a man with type B blood. Their child could have which of the following genotypes? (List ALL) A) AB B) AA C) AO D) BB E) BO F) OO

What is A, C, D, E

DNA Technology

100

Malaria is one of the world's biggest killers and the disease is rampant in many parts of the world. The malaria parasite has a complex life cycle and relies on mosquito hosts to move from one human to the next. Scientists have introduced a gene into mosquitoes that impairs their ability to transmit the parasite. This modified mosquito is an example of A) gene therapy. B) cloning. C) a transgenic organism. D) a DNA probe.

What is C) a transgenic organism.

200

The DNA in the mosquito after it is modified is called A) a DNA probe. B) STR. C) restriction DNA. D) recombinant DNA.

What is D) recombinant DNA.

300

A woman claims to be Anastasia, the only daughter of the last Russian emperor. Which of the following would allow you to MOST DEFINITIVELY determine whether or not her claim is true? A) Compare her mitochondrial DNA with mitochondrial DNA of an aunt of Anastasia (i.e., the sister of Anastasia's mother). B) Compare her mitochondrial DNA with mitochondrial DNA of an uncle of Anastasia (i.e., her father's brother). C) Compare the number of STRs between the claimant and distant relatives. D) Use DNA profiling with multiple relatives of Anastasia.

What is A) Compare her mitochondrial DNA with mitochondrial DNA of an aunt of Anastasia (i.e., the sister of Anastasia's mother).

400

In creating Dolly, A) a nucleus was extracted from a somatic cell of an adult animal. B) embryonic stem cells were used to obtain genetic material. C) adult stem cells that had been genetically modified were used. D) cells from the cloned animal were injected into the ovary of the donor.

What is A) a nucleus was extracted from a somatic cell of an adult animal.

500

If you wanted to produce skin cells from stem cells, what type of stem cells could you use? A) embryonic stem cells B) adult stem cells from the skin C) pluripotent or totipotent cells D) Both embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells from the skin are correct.

What is D) Both embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells from the skin are correct.