learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex
What is classical conditioning
100
Any event or stimulus, that when following a response, increases the probability that the response will occur again
What is reinforcement
100
The memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used
What is short-term memory
100
A number representing a measure of intelligence, resulting from the division of one’s mental age by one’s chronological age and then multiplying that quotient by 100
What is intelligence quotient (IQ)
100
A system for combining symbols so that an infinite number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others
What is language
200
stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus
What is a conditioned stimulus
200
The reinforcement of a response by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus
What is negative reinforcement
200
Visual sensory memory, lasting only a fraction of a second
What is iconic memory
200
The tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people
What is reliability
200
The basic units of sound in a language
What is a phoneme
300
the tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that is similar to the original, conditioned stimulus because the similar stimulus is never paired with the unconditioned stimulus
What is (stimulus) discrimination
300
If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated, and if a response is followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated
What is the law of effect
300
declarative long-term memory containing general knowledge
What is semantic memory
300
Theory of intelligence that includes analytical, practical, and creative intelligence
What is Sternberg’s Triarchic theory of intelligence
300
Practical aspects of communicating with others
What is pragmatics
400
When a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, and the neutral stimulus becomes a second conditioned stimulus
What is higher-order conditioning
400
Any event or object that, when following a response, makes that response less likely to happen again
What is punishment
400
Loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new long-term memories
What is anterograde amnesia
400
Estimating the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is to think of related examples
What is the availability heuristic
400
A system of rules for combining rules and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences
What is syntax
500
Researcher who studied the conditioned emotional response using "Little Albert" as a test subject
Who is John B. Watson
500
The interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is different for each trial or event
What is variable interval schedule of reinforcement
500
Memory retrieval problem that occurs when newer information prevents or interferes with the retrieval of older information
What is retroactive interference
500
A problem is seen as having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic
What is convergent thinking
500
Theory that states that concepts are universal and influence the development of language