Janice is dreaming about walking her dog. However, in her dream, her dog is flying, the sidewalk is moving, and she has no awareness that this activity is odd. Janice is probably in ______ sleep.
REM
100
Drugs derived from opium are called ________.
What is narcotics
100
________, a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, is secreted by the pineal gland.
What is Melatonin
100
Nicotine mimics the action of which neurotransmitter?
What is acetylcholine
100
What is top down processing?
Using information we already know in order to figure something out. Goes from big picture to smaller details.
200
Periods of REM sleep alternate with periods of non-REM sleep in a cycle that recurs about every ________ minutes or so.
90 minutes
200
Alcohol is classified as a
depressant
200
The difference between insomnia and apnea is that ________.
insomnia is characterized by sleeplessness, whereas apnea is characterized by breathing difficulties
200
Learning is traditionally divided into three categories: associative, nonassociative, and ____.
What is observational
200
What type of reinforcement schedule depends on the number of times a behavior occurs?
What is a ratio schedule of partial reinforcement
300
Daydreaming, meditation, intoxication, sleep, and hypnosis are all types of ________.
altered states of consciousness
300
Morphine and heroin duplicate the action of ________.
What is endorphins
300
A biological cycle, or rhythm, that is approximately 24 hours long is called a(n) ________ cycle.
circadian
300
Which area of the brain, attached to the basal ganglia by an impulsive, reward-seeking system, plays a large role in brain addiction?
What is nucleus accumbens
300
The addictive potential of alcohol is probably best explained by the way it stimulates the reward pathways for ______ in the brain.
What is dopamine
400
Short, rhythmic bursts of brainwave activity that appear during Stage 2 sleep are called
sleep spindles
400
Astor wanted to try marijuana to experience the effects of which of the following class of drugs?
What is hallucinogenics
400
The deepest stage of sleep is ________ sleep
What is stage 4
400
Following a devastating fire that destroyed her home, Lisbeth finds that she is startled by the sound of car horns and sirens, the smell of smoke, and loud noises. This is an example of ____.
What is sensitization
400
How does the input of olfactory information to the brain differ from other sensory input pathways?
What is Direct connections to the thalamus are not made before information reaches the cortex.
500
Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located?
hypothalamus
500
After taking a drug for several years, Bruce decides to quit taking it. He begins to experience a variety of physical symptoms, psychological symptoms such as irritability, and a strong craving for the substance. What term is used to describe what Bruce is experiencing?
What is withdrawal
500
The major psychoactive chemical in marijuana is ____.
What is tetrahydrocannabinol
500
Eli is afraid of bees, and has been ever since he was nearly stung by one a few months ago. Lately, his father has been very distressed to see that Eli is now afraid of any flying insect, even tiny ones like gnats. The fact that Eli gets terribly afraid and runs to another room whenever he sees a flying “bug” demonstrates _____.
What is generalization
500
Which theory suggests that input from touch fibers competes with input from pain receptors, possibly preventing pain messages from reaching the brain?