Ch. 6 surveys + observation
The following is an example of what kind of survey format?
Please choose the option that best describes your personality:
I enjoy being the life of the party
I enjoy walking through art galleries
Forced-Choice
True or false: convenience samples are representative
false
A content creator asks heterosexual women they see on the street which of three men they would prefer to date. Of these men, one is 6'3, one is 6'4, and one is 6'5. They are all of roughly equal attractiveness and no information is given about personality. After asking 100 heterosexual women who they would prefer to date, there are no statistically significant differences between the three options. What might be an issue with this study?
range restriction/ external validity
What type of longitudinal design asks if Associations WITHIN the SAME concept similar ACROSS time?
autocorrelations
True or false: a study is a type of experiment
FALSE (an experiment is a type of study)
The Loyola Generativity Scale presents a statement like, “I have important skills that I try to teach others.” Participants are then given seven response options that range from, “Strongly Disagree,” to “Strongly Agree.” This scale is made up of what kind of survey format?
Likert- type scale
What is it called when every member of a population is sampled?
Census
A study finds a correlation coefficient of r = .52 and reports p < .05. r = .52 gives you information about which of the following?
strength + direction of the relationship
A _____ explains the relationship between x and y whereas a _____ changes the relationship between X and Y.
Mediator-Moderator
Does within or between subjects design require fewer participants?
within
In developing a cognition measure to assess the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving, a researcher asks participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: “I frequently solve crossword puzzles and engage in critical thinking.” What is the problem with this question
It is double-barreled
Random sampling increases ____ validity and random assignment increases ____ validity
external, internal
A study finds a correlation coefficient of r = .52 and reports p < .05. The p-value indicates which of the following?
statistical significance/ likelihood relationship was due to chance
Dr. Yu is interested in studying the relationship between happiness and time spent talking on the phone. Dr. Yu hypothesizes that the relationship between these variables is different depending on the purpose of the phone call (work vs. personal life).
Moderation
how can you control for order effects?
counterbalancing (full, partial, randomize order)
NCAA Football players are famous for answering “strongly agree” to every question on a survey in order to quickly complete. What specific behavior are they exhibiting?
Acquiesence
What is the difference between a cluster sample vs. multistage sample
Cluster: Researchers randomly select clusters of participants within the population and then collect data from all of the participants in each selected cluster
Multistage: A random sample of clusters and then a simple random sample of people within clusters
How can you detect non-linear trends in your data
plot it with a scatterplot
Describe similarities/ differences between mediators vs. third variables
●Similarities
○Both involve multivariate research designs.
○Both can be detected using multiple regression.
●Differences
○Third variables are external to the bivariate correlation (problematic).
○Mediators are internal to the causal variable (not problematic).
What are three types of order effects?
⯍Carryover effects – First level influences second level
🞆 Ex: Interacting with own infant might lead to crazy high oxy levels
⯍Practice effects – Learning curve
🞆Ex: Cognitive tasks
⯍Fatigue effects – Decline of interest