Leadership
Which leadership style is most effective in promoting teamwork in a long-term care setting?
A. Democratic
B. Laissez-faire
C. Autocratic
D. Passive-aggressive
A. Democratic
Which of the following best defines polypharmacy?
A. Taking one medication at a time
B. Taking five or more medications regularly
C. Refusing medications prescribed by more than one provider
D. Using herbal remedies along with prescription drugs
B. Taking five or more medications regularly
Why might serum creatinine be a misleading indicator of renal function in older adults?
A. It may appear normal despite reduced renal function.
B. It decreases due to high muscle mass.
C. It rises with decreased fluid intake.
D. It reflects only liver function in the elderly.
A. It may appear normal despite reduced renal function.
An LPN is caring for an older adult who refuses treatment. What is the most appropriate action?
A. Explain that treatment must be given
B. Restrain the patient and administer treatment
C. Document that the patient is confused
D. Notify the provider and respect the patient’s right to refuse
D. Notify the provider and respect the patient's right to refuse
Which leadership style is most likely to result in disorganized care and confusion in a healthcare setting?
A. Democratic
B. Transformational
C. Autocratic
D. Laissez-faire
D. Laissez-faire
Which task is appropriate for an LPN to delegate to a CNA?
A. Administering insulin
B. Assessing skin breakdown
C. Assisting with bathing and toileting
D. Developing the plan of care
C. Assisting with bathing and toileting
Why are older adults at higher risk for adverse drug reactions?
A. They metabolize drugs more quickly.
B. They have increased renal and liver function.
C. Age-related changes affect drug metabolism and excretion.
D. Their immune systems overreact to medications.
C. Age-related changes affect drug metabolism and excretion.
Which lab result should prompt the most immediate nursing action in an older adult?
A. Potassium 5.1 mEq/L
B. Hemoglobin A1C 6.2%
C. Sodium 120 mEq/L
D. Albumin 3.4 g/dL
C. Sodium 120 mEq/L
Which of the following is an example of elder abuse?
A. A daughter pays all of her mother’s bills using her mother’s bank account
B. A nursing assistant forgets to provide water but apologizes later
C. A neighbor refuses to visit the older adult
D. A caregiver takes the elder’s money for personal use without consent
D. A caregiver takes the elder’s money for personal use without consent
What does a BUN level of 28 mg/dL indicate in an older adult with poor fluid intake?
A. Protein deficiency
B. Normal finding due to age
C. Possible dehydration
D. Liver failure
C. Possible dehydration
What is the most appropriate action for an LPN when delegating a task to a certified nursing assistant (CNA)?
A. Assign tasks based on what the CNA prefers
B. Ensure the CNA is competent and the task is within their scope
C. Delegate all assessments
D. Avoid follow-up unless the CNA requests help
B. Ensure the CNA is competent and the task is within their scope
An older adult is taking warfarin and is prescribed an antibiotic. What is the most important nursing action?
A. Encourage increased fluid intake
B. Immediately stop the warfarin
C. Administer both medications at the same time
D. Monitor for signs of bleeding and check INR levels
D. Monitor for signs of bleeding and check INR levels
Which lab value would be most important to assess in an 85-year-old patient who is confused and has dry mucous membranes?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Blood glucose
C. Sodium
D. Albumin
C. Sodium
Which document allows a person to appoint someone to make health care decisions on their behalf if they become unable to do so?
A. Living will
B. Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order
C. Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care
D. Health Insurance Portability Authorization
C. Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care
What age-related change may cause increased sensitivity to medications in older adults?
A. Decreased gastric emptying
B. Increased body water
C. Increased liver enzyme function
D. Decreased renal excretion
D. Decreased renal excretion
When managing conflict between staff members, what is the LPN's most appropriate response?
A. Ignore it and hope it resolves
B. Choose a side and defend it
C. Use therapeutic communication and encourage resolution through respectful dialogue
D. Report both staff members to administration immediately
C. Use therapeutic communication and encourage resolution through respectful dialogue
Which age-related physiological change can affect absorption of medications in older adults?
A. Increased gastric acid secretion
B. Increased gastrointestinal motility
C. Decreased gastric acid production
D. Increased number of villi in the small intestine
C. Decreased gastric acid production
An older adult’s lab results show a hemoglobin of 10.2 g/dL. What is the most likely cause in the absence of bleeding?
A. Normal variation with aging
B. Overhydration
C. Dehydration
D. Increased oxygen demand
A. Normal variation with aging
Which principle of ethics is demonstrated when a nurse respects an older adult’s decision to stop chemotherapy?
A. Beneficence
B. Autonomy
C. Nonmaleficence
D. Justice
B. Autonomy
What is the most appropriate nursing action when an older adult reports dizziness after starting a new antihypertensive?
A. Encourage them to stop taking the medication
B. Report to the provider and monitor blood pressure closely
C. Tell the patient it’s a normal aging sign
D. Have them double the next dose
B. Report to the provider and monitor blood pressure closely
Which of the following is a characteristic of an autocratic leader?
A. Makes decisions independently with little staff input
B. Delegates authority freely to team members
C. Encourages group input before decision-making
D. Avoids giving direction and oversight
A. Makes decisions independently with little staff input
Which of the following should the nurse do to reduce the risk of medication errors in the older adult?
A. Ask the patient to take all medications at once
B. Use a medication calendar or pill organizer
C. Encourage medication use without question
D. Instruct the patient to take medications only when symptoms worsen
B. Use a medication calendar or pill organizer
What is a possible explanation for low albumin levels in a well-nourished older adult?
A. Liver disease is present in all older adults.
B. Normal aging leads to decreased hepatic protein synthesis.
C. It indicates poor appetite.
D. Albumin is not important in aging adults.
B. Normal aging leads to decreased hepatic protein synthesis.
Which of the following is a financial issue that can impact access to care for older adults?
A. Overuse of physical therapy
B. Limited fixed income or lack of insurance
C. Excess vitamin supplementation
D. Difficulty understanding discharge instructions
B. Limited fixed income or lack of insurance
Which of the "Five Rights of Delegation" is being violated if the nurse delegates a sterile dressing change to a CNA?
A. Right task
B. Right circumstance
C. Right person
D. Right supervision
A. Right task